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Universe
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments
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Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 15311

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Physics Section of Environmental Science Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Jaume II, 69, 25001 Lleida, Spain
Interests: neutrino physics; general relativity and gravitation; quantum field theory; non-commutative geometry; non-extensive thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Massimo Blasone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R.Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno and I.N.F.N. Sezione di Napoli, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
Interests: neutrino physics; quantum field theory at finite temperature and in curved spacetime; quantum information

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of neutrinos has represented an active field of research since Pauli’s theoretical prediction in 1930. Ubiquitous, elusive, and extremely quirky, these particles are among the most abundant in our Universe. They continuously stream from the Sun, supernova explosions, and other cosmic catastrophes, flood the Universe, and bombard us from all directions, including the Earth’s interior. Despite this, their very nature has not yet been fully understood, becoming even more puzzling after the discovery of the phenomena of flavor mixing and oscillations. Challenging problems remain unsolved: How much does a neutrino weigh? Why is it so light compared to other elementary particles? What is the correct mass hierarchy? Is it a Dirac or Majorana particle? How large is the CP violation in the leptonic sector? In parallel, this poses the questions: Do we have the right technology to grasp these aspects, or is further innovation required? Solving these issues would surely open a window on physics beyond the Standard Model, with a non-trivial impact on related disciplines such as astrophysics, cosmology, quantum entanglement and information theory, and the emerging field of neutrino geophysics as well. It is then essential to investigate the current state of the art based on past advancements to disclose new future horizons in the multidisciplinary sector of neutrino physics.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various aspects of neutrino physics in the aforementioned areas of research. Special focus is placed on the most recent achievements and possible future developments from both the theoretical and experimental fronts. All original/review contributions from researchers involved in this kind of studies are most welcome.

Dr. Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano
Prof. Dr. Massimo Blasone
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Neutrino mixing and oscillations
  • Neutrino masses
  • Majorana neutrinos
  • Solar neutrinos
  • Atmospheric neutrinos
  • Reactor neutrinos
  • Accelerator neutrinos
  • Geo-neutrinos
  • Neutrinos in cosmology
  • Astrophysical neutrinos
  • Cosmic neutrino background

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 200 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue “Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments”
by Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano and Massimo Blasone
Universe 2023, 9(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9020069 - 28 Jan 2023
Viewed by 837
Abstract
Among all the known particles in our Universe, neutrinos are definitely the most elusive and mysterious [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)

Research

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10 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
Shore Shadow Effect in Baikal
by Apoorva Bhatt, Paweł Malecki and Dariusz Góra
Universe 2022, 8(7), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8070347 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1487
Abstract
The measurement of the individual charged particles especially muons in an extended air shower (EAS) resulting from primary cosmic rays provides important distinguishing parameters to identify the chemical composition of the cosmic primary particles. For Neutrino Telescope experiments like Baikal-GVD, the estimation of [...] Read more.
The measurement of the individual charged particles especially muons in an extended air shower (EAS) resulting from primary cosmic rays provides important distinguishing parameters to identify the chemical composition of the cosmic primary particles. For Neutrino Telescope experiments like Baikal-GVD, the estimation of underwater muon flux is of importance to study atmospheric muons. In this paper, a GEANT4-based simulation is presented to estimate the atmospheric muon flux underwater taking Baikal-GVD as an example. The location of the Baikal-GVD experiment at Lake Baikal provides a unique opportunity to study the passage of muons through its northern shore and the water. The muons arriving from the north direction will lose more energy as compared to those arriving from the south. An approximation for the northern shore is also simulated in the GEANT4 geometry and the results of the simulation are compared with the measurements from the NT-96 detector. The results of the simulations are consistent with the shore shadow observed in the measurements in the NT-96. This approach can also be used to propagate the muons from generators like CORSIKA through long distances in matter like water, ice, earth, etc. for simulations in such experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)
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9 pages, 587 KiB  
Article
Non-Unitary Neutrino Mixing in the NOνA Near Detector Data
by Ushak Rahaman and Soebur Razzaque
Universe 2022, 8(4), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8040238 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
The νμ→νe oscillation probability over a short baseline (≲1 km) would be negligible for the case when the mixing matrix for three active neutrinos is unitary. However, in the case of a non-unitary mixing of three neutrinos, this probability [...] Read more.
The νμ→νe oscillation probability over a short baseline (≲1 km) would be negligible for the case when the mixing matrix for three active neutrinos is unitary. However, in the case of a non-unitary mixing of three neutrinos, this probability would be non-negligible due to the so-called “zero distance” effect. Hence, the near detector of accelerator experiments such as NOνA can provide strong constraints on the parameters of the non-unitary mixing with very large statistics. By analyzing the NOνA near-detector data, we find that the non-unitary mixing does not improve fits to the νe or νμ events over the standard unitary mixing. This leads to constraints on the non-unitary parameters: α00>0.911, |α10|<0.020, and α11>0.952 at 90% C.L. A combined analysis with the near- and far-detector data does not change these constraints significantly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)
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11 pages, 405 KiB  
Article
Neutrino Dynamics in a Quantum-Corrected Schwarzschild Spacetime
by Fabrizio Illuminati, Gaetano Lambiase and Luciano Petruzziello
Universe 2022, 8(4), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8040202 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
We study neutrino propagation in a curved spacetime background described by the Schwarzschild solution with the addition of quantum corrections evaluated in the framework of perturbative quantum gravity at lowest order. In particular, we investigate neutrino oscillations and decoherence within the Gaussian wave [...] Read more.
We study neutrino propagation in a curved spacetime background described by the Schwarzschild solution with the addition of quantum corrections evaluated in the framework of perturbative quantum gravity at lowest order. In particular, we investigate neutrino oscillations and decoherence within the Gaussian wave packet description, finding that quantum gravity corrections significantly affect the intrinsic features of mixed particles and induce potentially measurable physical effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)
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27 pages, 406 KiB  
Article
General Quantum Field Theory of Flavor Mixing and Oscillations
by Chueng-Ryong Ji and Yuriy Mishchenko
Universe 2021, 7(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7030051 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
We review the canonical transformation in quantum physics known as the Bogoliubov transformation and present its application to the general theory of quantum field mixing and oscillations with an arbitrary number of mixed particles with either boson or fermion statistics. The mixing relations [...] Read more.
We review the canonical transformation in quantum physics known as the Bogoliubov transformation and present its application to the general theory of quantum field mixing and oscillations with an arbitrary number of mixed particles with either boson or fermion statistics. The mixing relations for quantum states are derived directly from the definition of mixing for quantum fields and the unitary inequivalence of the Fock space of energy and flavor eigenstates is shown by a straightforward algebraic method. The time dynamics of the interacting fields is then explicitly solved and the flavor oscillation formulas are derived in a unified general formulation with emphasis on antiparticle content and effect introduced by nontrivial flavor vacuum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)

Review

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48 pages, 790 KiB  
Review
A Review of Neutrino Decoupling from the Early Universe to the Current Universe
by Kensuke Akita and Masahide Yamaguchi
Universe 2022, 8(11), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8110552 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
We review the distortions of spectra of relic neutrinos due to the interactions with electrons, positrons, and neutrinos in the early universe. We solve integro-differential kinetic equations for the neutrino density matrix, including vacuum three-flavor neutrino oscillations, oscillations in electron and positron background, [...] Read more.
We review the distortions of spectra of relic neutrinos due to the interactions with electrons, positrons, and neutrinos in the early universe. We solve integro-differential kinetic equations for the neutrino density matrix, including vacuum three-flavor neutrino oscillations, oscillations in electron and positron background, a collision term and finite temperature corrections to electron mass and electromagnetic plasma up to the next-to-leading order O(e3). After that, we estimate the effects of the spectral distortions in neutrino decoupling on the number density and energy density of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CνB) in the current universe, and discuss the implications of these effects on the capture rates in direct detection of the CνB on tritium, with emphasis on the PTOLEMY-type experiment. In addition, we find a precise value of the effective number of neutrinos, Neff=3.044. However, QED corrections to weak interaction rates at order O(e2GF2) and forward scattering of neutrinos via their self-interactions have not been precisely taken into account in the whole literature so far. Recent studies suggest that these neglections might induce uncertainties of ±(10−3–10−4) in Neff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)
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32 pages, 515 KiB  
Review
Neutrino Mixing and Oscillations in Quantum Field Theory: A Comprehensive Introduction
by Luca Smaldone and Giuseppe Vitiello
Universe 2021, 7(12), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7120504 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2769
Abstract
We review some of the main results of the quantum field theoretical approach to neutrino mixing and oscillations. We show that the quantum field theoretical framework, where flavor vacuum is defined, permits giving a precise definition of flavor states as eigenstates of (non-conserved) [...] Read more.
We review some of the main results of the quantum field theoretical approach to neutrino mixing and oscillations. We show that the quantum field theoretical framework, where flavor vacuum is defined, permits giving a precise definition of flavor states as eigenstates of (non-conserved) lepton charges. We obtain the exact oscillation formula, which in the relativistic limit reproduces the Pontecorvo oscillation formula and illustrates some of the contradictions arising in the quantum mechanics approximation. We show that the gauge theory structure underlies the neutrino mixing phenomenon and that there exists entanglement between mixed neutrinos. The flavor vacuum is found to be an entangled generalized coherent state of SU(2). We also discuss flavor energy uncertainty relations, which impose a lower bound on the precision of neutrino energy measurements, and we show that the flavor vacuum inescapably emerges in certain classes of models with dynamical symmetry breaking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics: From Theory to Experiments)
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