Recent Discoveries and Developments in RNA and DNA Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "DNA and mRNA Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 3750

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
Interests: novel therapeutic antibodies development; venom-based peptide & natural biomolecule prototype drugs development; cancer biomarkers & immunotherapy markers discovery for prognostic and therapeutic validation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With a long history of humans fighting against disease, scientists developed a biological preparation called a vaccine during the 10th century. A vaccine provides an active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The effectiveness and safety of vaccines are always a significant concern to humankind; thus, scientists have undertaken considerable efforts and performed many pre-clinical and clinical studies to verify these in the last 60 years. RNA or DNA vaccine discovery and development for preventive and therapeutic applications has evolved rapidly in the previous decade. This Special Issue will focus on the most recent advanced research related to RNA or DNA vaccine discovery and development for preventive and therapeutic applications to fight against infectious or malignant diseases. The safest and most efficient RNA or DNA applications underlining the advantages and disadvantages of current RNA or DNA vaccines will be discussed. Both research (in particular) and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hang Fai (Henry) Kwok
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • RNA vaccine
  • DNA vaccine
  • prevention
  • therapy
  • delivery system
  • lipid nanoparticles
  • infectious diseases
  • immune response
  • cancer

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1589 KiB  
Article
DNA Vaccine Encoding a Modified Hemagglutinin Trimer of Avian Influenza A Virus H5N8 Protects Mice from Viral Challenge
by Victoria R. Litvinova, Andrey P. Rudometov, Nadezhda B. Rudometova, Denis N. Kisakov, Mariya B. Borgoyakova, Lyubov A. Kisakova, Ekaterina V. Starostina, Anastasia A. Fando, Vladimir A. Yakovlev, Elena V. Tigeeva, Ksenia I. Ivanova, Andrei S. Gudymo, Tatiana N. Ilyicheva, Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko, Artemiy A. Sergeev, Alexander A. Ilyichev and Larisa I. Karpenko
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050538 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 1785
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against avian influenza A virus (AIV) H5N8 is relevant due to the widespread distribution of this virus in the bird population and the existing potential risk of human infection, which can lead to significant public [...] Read more.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against avian influenza A virus (AIV) H5N8 is relevant due to the widespread distribution of this virus in the bird population and the existing potential risk of human infection, which can lead to significant public health concerns. Here, we developed an experimental pVAX-H5 DNA vaccine encoding a modified trimer of AIV H5N8 hemagglutinin. Immunization of BALB/c mice with pVAX-H5 using jet injection elicited high titer antibody response (the average titer in ELISA was 1 × 105), and generated a high level of neutralizing antibodies against H5N8 and T-cell response, as determined by ELISpot analysis. Both liquid and lyophilized forms of pVAX-H5 DNA vaccine provided 100% protection of immunized mice against lethal challenge with influenza A virus A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8). The results obtained indicate that pVAX-H5 has good opportunities as a vaccine candidate against the influenza A virus (H5N8). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Discoveries and Developments in RNA and DNA Vaccines)
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Review

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15 pages, 1311 KiB  
Review
Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination
by Kamila Florek and Mateusz Sokolski
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101193 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Myocarditis after the COVID-19 vaccine is one of the important adverse events following immunization, observed mainly after mRNA-based vaccines. Importantly, post-vaccination myocarditis was less common than myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it was scored at 19.7 per 1,000,000 doses and 2.76 per 1000 [...] Read more.
Myocarditis after the COVID-19 vaccine is one of the important adverse events following immunization, observed mainly after mRNA-based vaccines. Importantly, post-vaccination myocarditis was less common than myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it was scored at 19.7 per 1,000,000 doses and 2.76 per 1000 infections. Predominantly, its course was benign and, compared with the myocarditis after COVID-19 infection, significantly fewer patients developed heart failure or died among patients with post-vaccination myocarditis. The group at highest risk of myocarditis related to COVID-19 vaccination were young males who received a second dose of an mRNA vaccine. It was observed that, among mRNA vaccines, specifically mRNA-1273 was associated with a higher risk of myocarditis. The mechanism underlying myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination is still under investigation and certain processes are being considered. Currently, some follow-up assessments of patients who developed vaccine-induced myocarditis are available and suggest a favorable prognosis. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent data on myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination considering its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, relative risk of myocarditis compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection, potential underlying mechanism, and follow-up data of patients who developed post-vaccination myocarditis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Discoveries and Developments in RNA and DNA Vaccines)
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