Viral Vector-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 3092

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Interests: vector vaccines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral vector technology is at the forefront of medical science, revolutionizing approaches to preventing and treating acute and chronic diseases. Engineered to deliver specific genetic material to cells, these vectors provide a robust platform for vaccine development and gene therapy. This innovative method promises to address unmet medical needs and significantly enhances our ability to respond swiftly to emerging health threats. As we deepen our understanding and improve the design of viral vectors, we set the stage for more precise and effective treatments, potentially transforming the global healthcare landscape.

This Special Issue invites contributions that explore the forefront of viral vector research in both vaccine and therapeutic applications. We seek original research, comprehensive reviews, case studies and perspective pieces that examine the design, development and deployment of viral vector-based solutions. The topics of interest include technological innovations, clinical trial results, safety and efficacy analyses, comparative studies and their impact on global health. We also welcome submissions on developing viral vectors for therapeutic purposes, addressing their potential in treating various diseases. Contributions should consider regulatory, ethical and public perception aspects to foster a multidisciplinary dialogue. This platform allows scholars and clinicians to share insights and propel advancements in viral vector-based vaccines and therapeutics. Join us in shaping the future of research and public health in this dynamic field.

Dr. Sujit Pujhari
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • viral vectors
  • vaccine technology
  • gene therapy
  • immunization strategies
  • vector design
  • vaccine safety
  • vector-based therapeutics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2672 KiB  
Article
Construction and Characterization of a High-Capacity Replication-Competent Murine Cytomegalovirus Vector for Gene Delivery
by André Riedl, Denisa Bojková, Jiang Tan, Ábris Jeney, Pia-Katharina Larsen, Csaba Jeney, Florian Full, Ulrich Kalinke and Zsolt Ruzsics
Vaccines 2024, 12(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070791 - 18 Jul 2024
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Abstract
We investigated the basic characteristics of a new murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) vector platform. Using BAC technology, we engineered replication-competent recombinant MCMVs with deletions of up to 26% of the wild-type genome. To this end, we targeted five gene blocks (m01-m17, m106-m109, m129-m141, m144-m158, [...] Read more.
We investigated the basic characteristics of a new murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) vector platform. Using BAC technology, we engineered replication-competent recombinant MCMVs with deletions of up to 26% of the wild-type genome. To this end, we targeted five gene blocks (m01-m17, m106-m109, m129-m141, m144-m158, and m159-m170). BACs featuring deletions from 18% to 26% of the wild-type genome exhibited delayed virus reconstitution, while smaller deletions (up to 16%) demonstrated reconstitution kinetics similar to those of the wild type. Utilizing an innovative methodology, we introduced large genomic DNA segments, up to 35 kbp, along with reporter genes into a newly designed vector with a potential cloning capacity of 46 kbp (Q4). Surprisingly, the insertion of diverse foreign DNAs alleviated the delayed plaque formation phenotype of Q4, and these large inserts remained stable through serial in vitro passages. With reporter-gene-expressing recombinant MCMVs, we successfully transduced not only mouse cell lines but also non-rodent mammalian cells, including those of human, monkey, bovine, and bat origin. Remarkably, even non-mammalian cell lines derived from chickens exhibited successful transduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Vector-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics)
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Review

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18 pages, 974 KiB  
Review
Trends in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for Tuberculosis: A Patent Review (2010–2023)
by Lana C. Santos, Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes, Izabel Almeida Alves, Mairim Russo Serafini, Leandra da Silva e Silva, Humberto Fonseca de Freitas, Luciana C. C. Leite and Carina C. Santos
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080876 - 2 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient global public health problem. Several strategies have been applied to develop new and more effective vaccines against TB, from attenuated or inactivated mycobacteria to recombinant subunit or genetic vaccines, including viral vectors. This review aimed to evaluate patents [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient global public health problem. Several strategies have been applied to develop new and more effective vaccines against TB, from attenuated or inactivated mycobacteria to recombinant subunit or genetic vaccines, including viral vectors. This review aimed to evaluate patents filed between 2010 and 2023 for TB vaccine candidates. It focuses on viral vector-based strategies. A search was carried out in Espacenet, using the descriptors “mycobacterium and tuberculosis” and the classification A61K39. Of the 411 patents preliminarily identified, the majority were related to subunit vaccines, with 10 patents based on viral vector platforms selected in this study. Most of the identified patents belong to the United States or China, with a concentration of patent filings between 2013 and 2023. Adenoviruses were the most explored viral vectors, and the most common immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens were present in all the selected patents. The majority of patents were tested in mouse models by intranasal or subcutaneous route of immunization. In the coming years, an increased use of this platform for prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches for TB and other diseases is expected. Along with this, expanding knowledge about the safety of this technology is essential to advance its use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Vector-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics)
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