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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection
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Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 19771

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jason L. Larabee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
Interests: bacterial toxins; Clostridioides difficile; SARS-CoV-2; host responses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Antibiotics are our primary defense against bacterial infections, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria has severely diminished the effectiveness of antibiotics therapies. Thus, a dire need exists for the discovery and development of non-antibiotic based bacterial infection treatments.This special issue will explore non-antibiotic treatments against bacterial infection by focusing on recent advances and problems in vaccines and other antibody based therapies against bacterial infection.

 

Prof. Dr. Jason L. Larabee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Clostridioides difficile
  • C. difficile
  • Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Recurrence
  • Health care-associated infections
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Toxins
  • TcdA
  • TcdB

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 1850 KiB  
Article
A GMMA-CPS-Based Vaccine for Non-Typhoidal Salmonella
by Akosiererem S. Sokaribo, Sumudu R. Perera, Zoe Sereggela, Ryan Krochak, Lindsay R. Balezantis, Xiaohui Xing, Shirley Lam, William Deck, Sam Attah-Poku, Dennis Wade Abbott, Shantanu Tamuly and Aaron P. White
Vaccines 2021, 9(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020165 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3615
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, as well as causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with a high fatality rate. No vaccine is currently available for human use. Current vaccine development strategies are focused on capsular polysaccharides (CPS) present on [...] Read more.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, as well as causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with a high fatality rate. No vaccine is currently available for human use. Current vaccine development strategies are focused on capsular polysaccharides (CPS) present on the surface of non-typhoidal Salmonella. This study aimed to boost the amount of CPS purified from S. Typhimurium for immunization trials. Random mutagenesis with Tn10 transposon increased the production of CPS colanic acid, by 10-fold compared to wildtype. Immunization with colanic acid or colanic acid conjugated to truncated glycoprotein D or inactivated diphtheria toxin did not induce a protective immune response in mice. However, immunization with Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMAs) isolated from colanic acid overproducing isolates reduced Salmonella colonization in mice. Our results support the development of a GMMA-CPS-based vaccine against non-typhoidal Salmonella. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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13 pages, 2142 KiB  
Article
Fusion Cytokines IL-7-Linker-IL-15 Promote Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine to Induce Central Memory like T Cell-Mediated Immunity
by Chunxiang Bai, Lijun Zhou, Junxia Tang, Juanjuan He, Jiangyuan Han, Hongxia Niu and Bingdong Zhu
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040715 - 1 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2691
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is among the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. Adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines have been demonstrated as a kind of promising novel vaccine. This study proposed to investigate whether cytokines interliukine-7 (IL-7) and interliukine-15 [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is among the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. Adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines have been demonstrated as a kind of promising novel vaccine. This study proposed to investigate whether cytokines interliukine-7 (IL-7) and interliukine-15 (IL-15) help TB subunit vaccines induce long-term cell-mediated immune responses, which are required for vaccination against TB. In this study, mice were immunized with the M. tuberculosis protein subunit vaccines combined with adnovirus-mediated cytokines IL-7, IL-15, IL-7-IL-15, and IL-7-Linker-IL-15 at 0, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Twenty weeks after the last immunization, the long-term immune responses, especially the central memory-like T cells (TCM like cell)-mediated immune responses, were determined with the methods of cultured IFN-γ-ELISPOT, expanded secondary immune responses, cell proliferation, and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium bovis Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) challenge, etc. The results showed that the group of vaccine + rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 induced a stronger long-term antigen-specific TCM like cells-mediated immune responses and had higher protective efficacy against BCG challenge than the vaccine + rAd-vector control group, the vaccine + rAd-IL-7 and the vaccine + rAd-IL-15 groups. This study indicated that rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 improved the TB subunit vaccine’s efficacy by augmenting TCM like cells and provided long-term protective efficacy against Mycobacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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10 pages, 1637 KiB  
Article
A Homologous Bacterin Protects Sheep against Abortion Induced by a Hypervirulent Campylobacter jejuni Clone
by Zuowei Wu, Michael J. Yaeger, Orhan Sahin, Changyun Xu, Ashenafi F. Beyi, Paul J. Plummer, Melda Meral Ocal and Qijing Zhang
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040662 - 6 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni clone SA has emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion outbreaks in the United States (US). Despite the fact that commercial Campylobacter vaccines are available, their efficacy in protecting abortion induced by C. jejuni clone SA is uncertain, and a [...] Read more.
Campylobacter jejuni clone SA has emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion outbreaks in the United States (US). Despite the fact that commercial Campylobacter vaccines are available, their efficacy in protecting abortion induced by C. jejuni clone SA is uncertain, and a protective vaccine is needed to control the disease. In this study, an experimental homologous bacterin (made of a clone SA isolate) and two commercial Campylobacter vaccines were evaluated for their protection against C. jejuni clone SA-induced sheep abortion. All vaccines induced high levels of antibodies against C. jejuni clone SA in pregnant ewes, but only the experimental homologous bacterin produced significant protection (80%). Immunoblotting showed that the experimental vaccine elicited more specific antibodies against C. jejuni clone SA. These findings strongly suggest the necessity of developing a homologous vaccine for the control C. jejuni clone SA induced abortion on sheep farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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12 pages, 1780 KiB  
Article
Multifunctional Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in Mice
by Wesley Hebert, Antonio DiGiandomenico and Michael Zegans
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040638 - 2 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2662
Abstract
A worrisome trend in the study and treatment of infectious disease noted in recent years is the increase in multidrug resistant strains of bacteria concurrent with a scarcity of new antimicrobial agents to counteract this rise. This is particularly true amongst bacteria within [...] Read more.
A worrisome trend in the study and treatment of infectious disease noted in recent years is the increase in multidrug resistant strains of bacteria concurrent with a scarcity of new antimicrobial agents to counteract this rise. This is particularly true amongst bacteria within the Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) designation. P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of bacterial keratitis. Therefore, it is of vital importance to characterize new antimicrobial agents with anti-Pseudomonal activity for use with the ocular surface. MEDI3902 is a multifunctional antibody that targets the P. aeruginosa persistence factor Psl exopolysaccharide, and the type 3 secretion protein PcrV. We initially assessed this antibody for ocular surface toxicity. The antimicrobial activity of the antibody was then tested by treating mice with established P. aeruginosa keratitis with both topical and intravenous treatment modalities. MEDI3902, was shown to be non-toxic to the ocular surface of mice when given topically. It was also effective compared to the control antibody at preventing P. aeruginosa keratitis with a one-time treatment at the time of infection. Both topical and intravenous administration of MEDI3902 has been proved significant in treating established keratitis infections as well, speeding the resolution of infection significantly more than that of the control IgG. We report the first use of a topical immunotherapeutic multifunctional agent targeting Psl and type 3 secretion on the ocular surface as an antimicrobial agent. While MEDI3902 has been shown to prevent Pseudomonas biofilm formation in keratitis models when given prophylactically intravitally, we show that MEDI3902 has the capability to also treat an active infection when given intravenously to mice with Pseudomonas keratitis. Our data indicate antibodies are well tolerated and nontoxic on the ocular surface. They reduce infection in mice treated concurrently at inoculation and reduced the signs of cornea pathology in mice with established infection. Taken together, these data indicate treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against Psl and PcrV may be clinically effective in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis and suggest that the design of further antibodies to be an additional tool in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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14 pages, 857 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Routes of Vaccination against Aeromonas salmonicida on Rearing Indicators and Survival after an Experimental Challenge of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Controlled Rearing
by Patrycja Schulz, Elżbieta Terech-Majewska, Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki, Barbara Kazuń, Krystyna Demska-Zakęś, Maciej Rożyński and Zdzisław Zakęś
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030476 - 26 Aug 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3229
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a significant problem in the controlled rearing of fish. Furunculosis (Aeromonas sp.), flavobacteriosis (Flavobacterium sp.), and pseudomonadosis (Pseudomonas sp.) are currently the most frequently identified diseases in recirculating aquaculture systems of various fish species. Such a situation [...] Read more.
Bacterial diseases are a significant problem in the controlled rearing of fish. Furunculosis (Aeromonas sp.), flavobacteriosis (Flavobacterium sp.), and pseudomonadosis (Pseudomonas sp.) are currently the most frequently identified diseases in recirculating aquaculture systems of various fish species. Such a situation is also observed in pikeperch rearing. Due to the emerging difficulties of effective prophylaxis using commercial vaccines, interest in the use of autovaccinations is increasing, not only in ichthyopathology but also in other veterinary fields. Our research aimed to assess the effect of the vaccination method on the overall condition of the fish and survival after the experimental infection with Aeromonas salmonicida. Pikeperch were vaccinated by (1) bath, (2) a single i.p. injection, or (3) feed. The fish were measured and weighed on day 0 and after 28 and 56 days of the experiment. Specific growth rate, daily growth rate, condition factor, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment, ceruloplasmin and lysozyme levels were rated. In addition, a challenge test was performed. The obtained results showed that the method of vaccination is important and affects the growth of fish, the overall condition of fish, and survival after experimental infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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15 pages, 1771 KiB  
Article
A Replicating Single-Cycle Adenovirus Vaccine Effective against Clostridium difficile
by William E. Matchett, Stephanie Anguiano-Zarate, Goda Baddage Rakitha Malewana, Haley Mudrick, Melissa Weldy, Clayton Evert, Alexander Khoruts, Michael Sadowsky and Michael A. Barry
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030470 - 22 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4257
Abstract
Clostridium difficile causes nearly 500,000 infections and nearly 30,000 deaths each year in the U.S., which is estimated to cost $4.8 billion. C. difficile infection (CDI) arises from bacteria colonizing the large intestine and releasing two toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B [...] Read more.
Clostridium difficile causes nearly 500,000 infections and nearly 30,000 deaths each year in the U.S., which is estimated to cost $4.8 billion. C. difficile infection (CDI) arises from bacteria colonizing the large intestine and releasing two toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Generating humoral immunity against C. difficile’s toxins provides protection against primary infection and recurrence. Thus, a vaccine may offer the best opportunity for sustained, long-term protection. We developed a novel single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vaccine against C. difficile expressing the receptor-binding domains from TcdA and TcdB. The single immunization of mice generated sustained toxin-binding antibody responses and protected them from lethal toxin challenge for up to 38 weeks. Immunized Syrian hamsters produced significant toxin-neutralizing antibodies that increased over 36 weeks. Single intramuscular immunization provided complete protection against lethal BI/NAP1/027 spore challenge 45 weeks later. These data suggest that this replicating vaccine may prove useful against CDI in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Other Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial Infection)
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