Review Special Issue Series: T-cell Based Vaccine Development against Pathogen Infections

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5367

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China
Interests: cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 kappa and delta variants by inactivated vaccine-elicited serum and monoclonal antibodies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current COVID-19 vaccines are designed to induce neutralizing antibodies against SARSCoV-2, which wane over time and are usually evaded by highly infectious variants such as Omicron. T cells play an important role in protection against viral infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced during infection or vaccination largely maintained their reactivity to viral variants, including Omicron, indicating T cell responses are critical for long-term protective immunity. Thus, the development of T-cell-based vaccines that are able to induce long-term memory T cells might be a reasonable and effective strategy to provide persistent protection against constantly mutating viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. This Special Issue will broadly cover the topics related to T-cell-based vaccines. The interests of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to: (1) dynamics and functionality of T cell response to viruses including SARS-CoV-2, (2) dominant T cell epitopes in various viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, (3) generation and maintenance of long-term memory T cells, and (4) animal models for evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of T-cell-based vaccines designed for humans.

Prof. Dr. Zheng Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • T cell
  • T-cell-based vaccine
  • T cell response
  • immune response
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • animal model
  • immunogenicity
  • efficacy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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17 pages, 324 KiB  
Review
Advancing Human Vaccine Development Using Humanized Mouse Models
by Runpeng Han, Lishan Su and Liang Cheng
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091012 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1692
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines against infectious diseases remains a critical challenge in global health. Animal models play a crucial role in vaccine development by providing valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of immune response induction, which guide the design and [...] Read more.
The development of effective vaccines against infectious diseases remains a critical challenge in global health. Animal models play a crucial role in vaccine development by providing valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of immune response induction, which guide the design and formulation of vaccines. However, traditional animal models often inadequately recapitulate human immune responses. Humanized mice (hu-mice) models with a functional human immune system have emerged as invaluable tools in bridging the translational gap between preclinical research and clinical trials for human vaccine development. This review summarizes commonly used hu-mice models and advances in optimizing them to improve human immune responses. We review the application of humanized mice for human vaccine development with a focus on HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the remaining challenges and improvements needed for the currently available hu-mice models to better facilitate the development and testing of human vaccines for infectious diseases. Full article
21 pages, 738 KiB  
Review
Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections
by Zhen Zhuang, Jianfen Zhuo, Yaochang Yuan, Zhao Chen, Shengnan Zhang, Airu Zhu, Jingxian Zhao and Jincun Zhao
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050478 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These [...] Read more.
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges. Full article
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19 pages, 797 KiB  
Review
Promising Cytokine Adjuvants for Enhancing Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity
by Xuezhi Cao, Yang-Xin Fu and Hua Peng
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050477 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), remains a formidable global health challenge, affecting a substantial portion of the world’s population. The current tuberculosis vaccine, bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), offers limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, underscoring the critical need for [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), remains a formidable global health challenge, affecting a substantial portion of the world’s population. The current tuberculosis vaccine, bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), offers limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, underscoring the critical need for innovative vaccination strategies. Cytokines are pivotal in modulating immune responses and have been explored as potential adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. The strategic inclusion of cytokines as adjuvants in tuberculosis vaccines holds significant promise for augmenting vaccine-induced immune responses and strengthening protection against M. tuberculosis. This review delves into promising cytokines, such as Type I interferons (IFNs), Type II IFN, interleukins such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21, alongside the use of a granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant, which has shown effectiveness in boosting immune responses and enhancing vaccine efficacy in tuberculosis models. Full article
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