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12 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of Parental Intention to Vaccinate Young Adolescent Girls against the Human Papillomavirus in Taiwan: An Online Survey Study

by Pei-Yun Lin, Tai-Ling Liu, Li-Ming Chen, Meng-Jung Liu, Yu-Ping Chang, Ching-Shu Tsai and Cheng-Fang Yen

Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050529 - 11 May 2024

Viewed by 1396

Abstract

Since 2018, Taiwan has included the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into its national immunization program for junior high school girls. However, the reports of side effects following vaccination have increased parental concerns. This study investigated parental intentions regarding the HPV vaccination for their [...] Read more.

Since 2018, Taiwan has included the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into its national immunization program for junior high school girls. However, the reports of side effects following vaccination have increased parental concerns. This study investigated parental intentions regarding the HPV vaccination for their daughters and related factors in Taiwan. A total of 213 parents of girls aged between 12 and 15 years participated in an online survey. The survey collected data on various factors, including the parental intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV; the motivation behind the vaccinations, as measured using the Motors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Acceptance Scale; an understanding of the reasons behind the government’s promotion of HPV vaccinations; concerns regarding the side effects of vaccinations for their daughters; an awareness of the reported side effects of HPV vaccines experienced by some individuals; the exposure to information on HPV vaccines from social media; and mental health status, measured using the Brief Symptom Rating Scale. The associations between these variables and the parental intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV were examined using a multivariable linear regression analysis model. The findings revealed a moderate to high level of intention among participants to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Parents who perceived a greater value in HPV vaccination for their daughters’ health (B = 0.524, standard error [se] = 0.039, p < 0.001) and had greater autonomy in decision-making regarding vaccination (B = 0.086, se = 0.038, p = 0.026) exhibited a higher intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Conversely, parents who expressed greater concern regarding the side effects of HPV vaccines for their daughters had a lower intention to vaccinate (B = −0.762, se = 0.203, p < 0.001). Based on these findings, this study recommends integrating these factors into the design of intervention programs aimed at enhancing parental intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

14 pages, 927 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of HPV Vaccination on the Incidence of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2+) in Women Aged 20–25 in the Northern Part of Norway: A 15-Year Study

by Marte Pettersen Mikalsen, Gunnar Skov Simonsen and Sveinung Wergeland Sørbye

Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040421 - 16 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2747

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, is a key risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Since 2009, HPV vaccination has been part of the national immunization program for girls in 7th grade in Norway (women [...] Read more.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, is a key risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Since 2009, HPV vaccination has been part of the national immunization program for girls in 7th grade in Norway (women born 1997 and later). This study aimed to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of high-grade cervical precursors (CIN2+) among women aged 20–25 in Troms and Finnmark over a 15-year period. Materials and Methods: In this time series study, we analyzed cervical screening data from 15,328 women aged 20–25 in Troms and Finnmark, collected between 2008 and 2022. Statistical methods, including linear and logistic regression, were employed to evaluate changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (CIN2+) incidence and compare risks between vaccine-offered cohorts and pre-vaccine cohorts. Results: The incidence of CIN2+ initially increased from 31 cases per year in 2008 to 110 cases in 2018, then significantly decreased to 44 cases per year by 2022 (p < 0.01). Women in pre-vaccine cohorts had a substantially higher risk of CIN2+ (OR 9.02, 95% CI 5.9–13.8) and CIN3+ (OR 19.6, 95% CI 7.3–52.6). Notably, no vaccinated women with CIN2+ tested positive for HPV types 16 or 18. Furthermore, none of the 13 cervical cancer cases recorded during the study were from the vaccinated cohorts. Interpretation: The findings suggest a significant reduction in the incidence of high-grade cervical precursors following the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Norway’s national immunization program, highlighting its effectiveness in cervical cancer prevention among young women in Northern Norway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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14 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of the Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Zambia: Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

by Mwansa Ketty Lubeya, Carla J. Chibwesha, Mulindi Mwanahamuntu, Moses Mukosha, Bellington Vwalika and Mary Kawonga

Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010032 - 28 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

Cervical cancer can be prevented, primarily by the administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and teachers play important roles when schools are used for vaccine delivery; however, challenges exist. This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to [...] Read more.

Cervical cancer can be prevented, primarily by the administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and teachers play important roles when schools are used for vaccine delivery; however, challenges exist. This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination that are perceived by HCWs and teachers. Guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), key informant interviews were conducted in Lusaka district between June 2021 and November 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and imported into NVIVO 12 for data management and analysis. We coded transcripts inductively and deductively based on the adapted CFIR codebook. We reached saturation with 23 participants. We identified barriers and facilitators across the five CFIR domains. Facilitators included offering the HPV vaccine free of charge, HPV vaccine effectiveness, stakeholder engagement, and timely planning of the HPV vaccination. Barriers included vaccine mistrust due to its perceived novelty, low levels of parental knowledge, myths and misinformation about the vaccine, lack of parental consent to vaccinate daughters, lack of transport for vaccination outreach, lack of staff incentives, and inadequate sensitisation. Using the CFIR as a guiding framework, we have identified implementation barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination among HCWs and teachers. Most of the identified barriers are modifiable, hence it is prudent that these are addressed for a high HPV vaccine uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

17 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Informational Intervention on HPV Vaccination Intention among Heterosexual Men

by Songyang Zhang, Leigh H. Grant, Janet Geipel, Zhihan Cui and Boaz Keysar

Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111653 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1532

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, despite widespread under-vaccination amongst men and the importance of vaccinating both sexes to curb the spread of HPV, research has focused on promoting HPV vaccination predominantly amongst women. Therefore, [...] Read more.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, despite widespread under-vaccination amongst men and the importance of vaccinating both sexes to curb the spread of HPV, research has focused on promoting HPV vaccination predominantly amongst women. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of different informational interventions in promoting vaccination intentions amongst heterosexual men. In a preregistered study of 583 unvaccinated adult men, we randomly assigned participants to one of four informational interventions aimed at promoting awareness of HPV risks and vaccine uptake: (1) risks to oneself (n = 145), (2) risks to their female partner (n = 144), (3) risks to oneself and their female partner (n = 153), and (4) general vaccine information (n = 153). Amongst participants reporting a sexual history (67%), intentions to get vaccinated significantly increased by 10.75 points on a 100-point scale (p < 0.01) after they received information about the risks of HPV for both themselves and their female partner, compared to receiving information about only their own HPV risk. These findings provide valuable guidance for public health officials and policymakers into the effectiveness of different messaging strategies in promoting HPV vaccination amongst adult male populations to increase vaccination rates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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15 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Prognostic Factors for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Rural Community Case–Control Study

by Lara Colomé-Ceballos, Josep Lluís Clua-Espuny, Concepción Ceballos-García, Josep Clua-Queralt, Maria Jesús Pla-Farnós and José Fernández-Sáez

Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1536; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101536 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1545

Abstract

HPV vaccination coverage rates can vary depending on several factors. The main objective of this study is to identify possible independent prognostic factors that have an impact on HPV vaccination in a rural community, specifically related to sexual and reproductive health. A case–control, [...] Read more.

HPV vaccination coverage rates can vary depending on several factors. The main objective of this study is to identify possible independent prognostic factors that have an impact on HPV vaccination in a rural community, specifically related to sexual and reproductive health. A case–control, retrospective, community-based study was carried out on women aged 15 to 40 in the primary health centers of Southern Catalonia’s Terres de l’Ebre region, Spain, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. A random sample of 520 women with an average age of 29.3 (SD 7.8) years old was included in the study. Independent prognostic factors: age OR 0.680 (95% CI: 0.635–0.729, p < 0.001), immigrant origin OR 0.215 (95% CI: 0.109–0.422, p < 0.001), and HPV PCR OR 7.402 (95% CI: 2.504–21.880, p < 0.001). The variables that showed a barrier effect for HPV vaccination were age (OR 0.680, 95% CI 0.635–0.729, p < 0.001), and immigrant origin (OR 0.215, 95% CI 0.109–0.422, p < 0.001). The variable that showed a facilitating effect for HPV vaccination was HPV PCR (OR 7.402, 95% CI 2.504–21.880, p < 0.001). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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12 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV

by Mateusz Jankowski, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska, Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal, Piotr Tyszko, Kuba Sękowski, Janusz Ostrowski, Mariusz Gujski and Jarosław Pinkas

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371 - 16 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1691

Abstract

Since 1 June 2023, a nationwide HPV vaccination program was implemented in Poland. This study aimed to identify factors associated with public awareness of the national HPV vaccination program among adults in Poland and willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. This cross-sectional study [...] Read more.

Since 1 June 2023, a nationwide HPV vaccination program was implemented in Poland. This study aimed to identify factors associated with public awareness of the national HPV vaccination program among adults in Poland and willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. This cross-sectional study was carried out between 14 and 17 July 2023 among 1056 adults in Poland. A self-prepared questionnaire was used. Among the respondents, 51.3% had heard about the free HPV vaccination program. The major source of knowledge on the national HPV vaccination program was TV (62%). Only 31.9% of respondents correctly indicated girls and boys aged 12 and 13 as the HPV-vaccination-eligible population. Willingness to vaccinate children against HPV was declared by 63.3% of respondents. Female gender (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11–1.81; p < 0.01), age 35–64 years (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11–1.84; p < 0.01), and living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01–2.28; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with higher odds to hear about the national HPV vaccination program. Age 50 years and over (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09–1.88; p < 0.05), living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14–2.83; p < 0.05), and no children under 18 in the home (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

11 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parental Justifications for Not Vaccinating Children or Adolescents against Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

by Eliza S. Rodrigues, Elisa D. T. Mendes and Luciana B. Nucci

Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030506 - 22 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1806

Abstract

Vaccination coverage against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is low compared with uptake of other vaccines in many countries, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to examine the main reasons provided by parents or guardians of a target population that did not have [...] Read more.

Vaccination coverage against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is low compared with uptake of other vaccines in many countries, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to examine the main reasons provided by parents or guardians of a target population that did not have the first dose of HPV vaccine in a small rural Brazilian municipality, and to verify the factors associated with the reasons for non-vaccination. This is a cross-sectional study with interviews based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), conducted with parents and guardians of 177 unvaccinated children or adolescents. The outcome of interest was the main reason for not vaccinating the child/adolescent. The exposure factors of interest were knowledge about HPV and its prevention as well as sociodemographic characteristics. The main justifications for not vaccinating were lack of information (62.2%), fear or refusal (29.9%), and logistical issues (7.9%). The justifications associated with adolescents’ sex, fear, or refusal were mentioned by 39.3% (95% CI: 28.8–50.6%) of parents or guardians of girls and by 21.5% (95% CI: 13.7–31.2%) of parents or guardians of boys. The main barrier to HPV vaccination is lack of information. Further training of health professionals in clarifying the benefits of vaccination and differentiating the risks between boys and girls could encourage uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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17 pages, 1070 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary

by María-Teresa Urrutia, Alejandra-Ximena Araya, Macarena Gajardo, Macarena Chepo, Romina Torres and Andrea Schilling

Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091486 - 14 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2106

Abstract

In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that [...] Read more.

In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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