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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response
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Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 7295

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chenguang Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Interests: development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against important human diseases
Dr. Yang Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Interests: surveillance and humoral immunity investigation of important human diseases
Dr. Minghui Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: development and identification of RNA vaccine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination is one of the most economical and effective strategies for the prevention and control of important human diseases. The specific antibody response induced by vaccination is an important mechanism for the vaccine to exert its effect. The diversity of strength, breadth and persistence of the antibody response induced by different types of vaccines determine the protective efficacy of each vaccine. The redesign of vaccines via immunological methods can improve the antibody response induced by vaccines; for example, it can improve the immunogenicity of a certain vaccine through the design of virus-like particles, enhance the broadly neutralizing antibody response through the modification of glycosylation on the antigens, improve the immune recognition of the vaccine through the design of new adjuvants, and improve the stability and delivery efficiency of the mRNA vaccines. This Special Issue covers the design of novel vaccines that can induce highly effective antibody responses, including vaccines against various human infectious diseases and tumors, as well as the isolation, screening and identification of monoclonal antibodies induced by these vaccines. This Special Issue will provide important information for the development of vaccines with favorable efficacy against various human diseases.

Prof. Dr. Chenguang Shen
Dr. Yang Yang
Dr. Minghui Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine design
  • antibody response
  • immunological methods
  • human infectious diseases
  • tumors
  • monoclonal antibodies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 14233 KiB  
Article
Sequential Immune Acquisition of Monoclonal Antibodies Enhances Phagocytosis of Acinetobacter baumannii by Recognizing ATP Synthase
by Dong Huang, Zhujun Zeng, Zhuolin Li, Mengjun Li, Linlin Zhai, Yuhao Lin, Rui Xu, Jiuxin Qu, Bao Zhang, Wei Zhao and Chenguang Shen
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101120 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 823
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that broadly target Acinetobacter baumannii and protect against infection by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii from different sources. Methods: mAb 8E6 and mAb 1B5 were prepared by sequentially immunizing mice [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that broadly target Acinetobacter baumannii and protect against infection by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii from different sources. Methods: mAb 8E6 and mAb 1B5 were prepared by sequentially immunizing mice with a sublethal inoculation of three heterogeneous serotypes of pan-drug-resistant (PDR) A. baumannii, ST-208, ST-195, and ST-229. Results: The cross-recognition of heterogeneous bacteria (n = 13) by two mAbs and potential targets was verified, and the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of mAbs was assessed. The median killing rate of mAb 8E6 against A. baumannii in the presence of complement and dHL-60 cells was found to be 61.51%, while that of mAb 1B5 was 41.96%. When only dHL-60 cells were present, the killing rate of mAb 8E6 was 65.73%, while that of mAb 1B5 was 69.93%. We found that mAb 8E6 and mAb 1B5 broadly targeted MDR A. baumannii on the ATP synthase complex and were equipped with an antibacterial killing ability by enhancing the innate immune bacteriolytic effect of ST-208 and ST-195 strains. Both monoclonal antibodies were validated to protect against respiratory infection at 4 and 24 h via enhancing the release of innate immune substances and inflammatory cytokines, effectively shortening the disease period in mice. Conclusions: mAb 8E6 and mAb 1B5 significantly enhanced the opsonization process of phagocytosis against A. baumannii strains prevalent in southern China by targeting ATP synthase antigens thereof, resulting in protective effects in mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response)
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17 pages, 4221 KiB  
Article
Effects of Rotavirus NSP4 on the Immune Response and Protection of Rotavirus-Norovirus Recombinant Subunit Vaccines in Different Immune Pathways
by Jingping Hu, Jinyuan Wu, Han Cao, Ning Luan, Kangyang Lin, Haihao Zhang, Dandan Gao, Zhentao Lei, Hongjun Li and Cunbao Liu
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091025 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Diarrheal disease continues to be a major cause of global morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. To address the current issues associated with oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines, the study of parenteral rotavirus vaccines has promising prospects. In our previous [...] Read more.
Diarrheal disease continues to be a major cause of global morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. To address the current issues associated with oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines, the study of parenteral rotavirus vaccines has promising prospects. In our previous study, we reported that rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) did not increase the IgG antibody titer of co-immune antigen but did have a protective effect against diarrhea via the intramuscular injection method. Here, we explored whether NSP4 can exert adjuvant effects on mucosal immune pathways. In this study, we immunized mice via muscle and nasal routes, gavaged them with the rotavirus Wa strain or the rotavirus SA11 strain, and then tested the protective effects of immune sera against both viruses. The results revealed that the serum-specific VP8* IgG antibody titers of the mice immunized via the nasal route were much lower than those of the mice immunized by intramuscular injection, and the specific IgA antibodies were almost undetectable in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). NSP4 did not increase the titer of specific VP8* antibodies in either immune pathway. Therefore, in the two vaccines (PP-NSP4-VP8* and PP-VP8*+NSP4) used in this study, NSP4 was unable to perform its potential adjuvant role through the mucosal immune pathway. Instead, NSP4 was used as a co-immunized antigen to stimulate the mice to produce specific binding antibodies that play a protective role against diarrhea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response)
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12 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
Rational Design and Characterization of Trispecific Antibodies Targeting the HIV-1 Receptor and Envelope Glycoprotein
by Jinhu Liang, Linlin Zhai, Zuxin Liang, Xiaoling Chen, Yushan Jiang, Yuanlong Lin, Shiyan Feng, Yingxia Liu, Wei Zhao and Fuxiang Wang
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010019 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1889
Abstract
Multitudinous broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been developed as novel antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Combinations of bNAbs are generally even more effective than when they are applied individually, showing excellent neutralization coverage and limiting the emergence of escape mutants. In [...] Read more.
Multitudinous broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been developed as novel antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Combinations of bNAbs are generally even more effective than when they are applied individually, showing excellent neutralization coverage and limiting the emergence of escape mutants. In this study, we investigated the design and characterization of three trispecific antibodies that allow a single molecule to interact with independent HIV-1 envelope determinants—(1) the host receptor CD4, (2) the host co-receptor CCR5 and (3) distinct domains in the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1—using an ELISA, an HIV-1 pseudovirus neutralization assay and in vivo antiviral experiments in humanized mice. We found that trispecific bNAbs and monovalent ones all had satisfactory binding activities against the corresponding antigens in the ELISA, exhibited higher potency and breadth than any previously described single bnAb in the HIV-1 pseudovirus neutralization assay and showed an excellent antiviral effect in vivo. The trispecific antibodies simultaneously recognize the host receptor CD4, host co-receptor CCR5 and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, which could mean they have promise as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against HIV-1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response)
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Review

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18 pages, 1143 KiB  
Review
Anti-Idiotypic mRNA Vaccine to Treat Autoimmune Disorders
by Sarfaraz K. Niazi
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010009 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2754
Abstract
The 80+ existing autoimmune disorders (ADs) affect billions with little prevention or treatment options, except for temporary symptomatic management, leading to enormous human suffering and a monumental financial burden. The autoantibodies formed in most ADs have been identified, allowing the development of novel [...] Read more.
The 80+ existing autoimmune disorders (ADs) affect billions with little prevention or treatment options, except for temporary symptomatic management, leading to enormous human suffering and a monumental financial burden. The autoantibodies formed in most ADs have been identified, allowing the development of novel anti-idiotypic antibodies to mute the autoantibodies using vaccines. Nucleoside vaccines have been successfully tested as antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASI), with mRNA technology offering multi-epitope targeting to mute multiple autoantibodies. This paper proposes using mRNA technology to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies with broad effectiveness in preventing and treating them. This paper delves into the state-of-the-art mRNA design strategies used to develop novel ASIs by selecting appropriate T cell and B cell epitopes to generate anti-idiotypic antibodies. The low cost and fast development of mRNA vaccines make this technology the most affordable for the global control of ADs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccinal Antibodies: Immunological Methods to Induce Antibody Response)
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