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Viruses
Special Issues
The 50-Year Anniversary of the Discovery of Hepatitis A Virus
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The 50-Year Anniversary of the Discovery of Hepatitis A Virus

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5106

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jorge Enrique González

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hepatitis Virales, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Interests: HAV; HBV; HCV; HEV
Dr. Carlos Alberto Espul

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital Central, Mendoza, Argentina
Interests: gastroenteritis viruses; hepatitis viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the first report in 1973 (Feinstone and colleagues) of small spherical 27-nanometer particles that were visualized in stools obtained from patients in the acute phase of hepatitis A disease, science has traveled a long road to control this important liver disease.

Knowledge of fecal-oral transmission as the principal route of transmission for hepatitis A virus (HAV), and the subsequent establishment of contaminated water and food by feces as the condition associated with the highest risk of HAV infection, led to epidemiologic interventions in poor sanitary conditions strongly associated with poverty, especially in developing countries, which could reduce overall infection. Today, the increased risk of HAV exposure has extended to travelers from low-endemicity countries to intermediate or high endemicity; men who have sex with men; persons who experience homelessness; migrants and refugees; incarcerated persons; persons living with HIV; and patients with chronic liver disease. The current evidence shows that universal vaccination targeting children 12 to 24 months old is an effective strategy to prevent clinical disease due to HAV and transmission of HAV infection.

This Special Issue aims to assemble an up-to-date collection of papers on the biology, molecular biology, epidemiology, and aspects of HAV-related infection.

Dr. Jorge Enrique González
Dr. Carlos Alberto Espul
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • HAV
  • epidemiology
  • vaccine
  • pathogenesis
  • molecular biology
  • therapy
  • immunity
 
 
 
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 2196 KiB  
Article
Epidemiological Transition and Strategies for the Control of Hepatitis A in Serbia
by Snežana Medić, Cleo Anastassopoulou, Tatjana Pustahija, Vladimir Petrović, Nataša Dragnić, Fotini Boufidou, Athanasios Tsakris and Vladan Šaponjić
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030753 - 15 Mar 2023
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Abstract
Background: Improvements in socioeconomic and hygienic conditions during the past decades led to declining hepatitis A (HA) seroprevalence in many countries. Aiming at informing HA vaccination policy, we assessed current epidemiological trends in Serbia by analyzing surveillance data for 2002–2021. Methods: Data on [...] Read more.
Background: Improvements in socioeconomic and hygienic conditions during the past decades led to declining hepatitis A (HA) seroprevalence in many countries. Aiming at informing HA vaccination policy, we assessed current epidemiological trends in Serbia by analyzing surveillance data for 2002–2021. Methods: Data on cases and outbreaks were obtained from the Serbian national surveillance database and descriptively analyzed. HA incidence was calculated in relation to time, patients’ residence, and demographics. Results: Overall, 13,679 HA cases and 419 outbreaks were recorded with the highest incidence in the southeast. Downward HA trends were observed, while infant mortality was halved, and gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity (GDP PP) per capita, tripled. The average incidence dropped from 14.8 (95% CI 14.4–15.2)/100,000) in 2002–2006 to 1 (95% CI 0.9–1.1)/100,000)/100,000 in 2017–2021, while the number of outbreaks decreased (from 174 to 14). Sporadic cases and family clusters living in poor sanitary conditions occurred in recent years. The contact route of transmission was dominant (410/419, 97.9%). The highest average age-specific HA incidence shifted from 5–9 years in 2002–2006 to 10–19 years in 2017–2021.Serbia is transitioning towards very low HA endemicity. Enhanced surveillance and vaccination of high-risk groups are recommended as future public health priorities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 50-Year Anniversary of the Discovery of Hepatitis A Virus)
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8 pages, 1473 KiB  
Article
Temporal Trends of Acute Hepatitis A in Brazil and Its Regions
by Giuliano Grandi, Luis Fernandez Lopez and Marcelo Nascimento Burattini
Viruses 2022, 14(12), 2737; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122737 - 8 Dec 2022
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Abstract
Background: Hepatitis A is responsible for 126,000,000 cases of acute viral hepatitis distributed heterogeneously worldwide, with a high disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate, especially in low-income countries. Data related to Hepatitis A provides information to improve control measures and identify the population at [...] Read more.
Background: Hepatitis A is responsible for 126,000,000 cases of acute viral hepatitis distributed heterogeneously worldwide, with a high disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate, especially in low-income countries. Data related to Hepatitis A provides information to improve control measures and identify the population at risk. This study aims to analyze temporal trends of Hepatitis A in Brazil and its regions from 2007 to 2018, based on official notification data. Methods: Data related to Hepatitis A reported cases from 2007 to 2018 were fitted to a joinpoint model by Brazilian regions, age groups, and gender, allowing the calculation of average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) to estimate trends of Hepatitis A in Brazil. Findings: From 2007 to 2018, 65,284 Hepatitis A cases notified in Brazil were available for analysis. The Northeast Region reported 18,732 (28.69%) cases, followed by the North Region reporting 18,430 (28.23%), the Southeast Region reporting 14,073 (21.55%), the South Region reporting 7909 (12.11%), and the Central-West Region reporting 6140 (9.4%), respectively. Temporal trend analysis showed that Hepatitis A incidence decreased from 2007 to 2016 in all Brazilian regions for individuals less than 20 years old, but increased in the South and Southeast males between 10 and 39 years after 2016. Conclusions: Hepatitis A endemicity is heterogeneous among Brazilian regions. In addition, an unexpected outbreak of HAV among Southeast and South adult males in 2016 resembles the outbreak in Europe, revealing a vulnerable population that should be prioritized by vaccination programs and control measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 50-Year Anniversary of the Discovery of Hepatitis A Virus)
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