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Viruses
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Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Approaches...
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Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Approaches for the Prevention

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11157

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jun Inoue

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Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: hepatitis virus; HBV; cell biology; genotyping; chronic liver disease; acute liver failure; antiviral therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of worldwide health problems because patients who were chronically infected with HBV are at risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Such patients are treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues or interferon, but the risk of liver cancer still remains during/after therapies. There seem to be several mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis due to HBV chronic infection, but it is not fully understood. In this special issue, we would like to accept manuscrips regarding the mechanisms for the development of HBV-associated liver cancer and its potential applications for therapies. Also, we would like to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of current and future therapies for the prevention of liver cancer.

Dr. Jun Inoue
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • integration
  • nucleoside/nucleotide analogue
  • interferon (IFN)
  • antiviral therapy
  • hepatitis B x protein (HBx)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 528 KiB  
Article
The Use of Electronic Medical Records-Based Big-Data Informatics to Describe ALT Elevations Higher than 1000 IU/L in Patients with or without Hepatitis B Virus Infection
by Hiroyuki Amano, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Yuichiro Kojima, Yoji Suzuki, Kenji Hosoda, Hiroshi Ashizawa, Yuko Miura, Shotaro Tsunoda, Yosuke Hirotsu, Hiroshi Ohyama, Naoya Kato, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Shuntaro Obi and Masao Omata
Viruses 2021, 13(11), 2216; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112216 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious health problems in the world as HBV causes severe liver diseases. Moreover, HBV reactivation has occasionally been observed in patients with resolved HBV infection and patients using immunosuppression and anticancer drugs. Large-scale hospital [...] Read more.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious health problems in the world as HBV causes severe liver diseases. Moreover, HBV reactivation has occasionally been observed in patients with resolved HBV infection and patients using immunosuppression and anticancer drugs. Large-scale hospital data focused on HBV infection and severe liver function were analyzed at our hospital, located in an urban area adjacent to Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. A total of 99,932 individuals whose blood samples were taken at 7,170,240 opportunities were analyzed. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive group had a more frequent prevalence of patients with higher transaminase elevations than the HBsAg-negative group. However, among the HBsAg-negative group, patients who were positive for anti-HBV surface antibody and/or anti-HBV core antibody, had more severe liver conditions and fatal outcomes. More careful attention should be paid to alanine transaminase (ALT) elevations higher than 1000 IU/L in patients who had current and previous HBV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Approaches for the Prevention)
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Review

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15 pages, 1387 KiB  
Review
Are Humanized Mouse Models Useful for Basic Research of Hepatocarcinogenesis through Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection?
by Masataka Tsuge
Viruses 2021, 13(10), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13101920 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2846
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem that can lead to liver dysfunction, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current antiviral therapies can control viral replication in patients with chronic HBV infection; however, there is a risk of [...] Read more.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem that can lead to liver dysfunction, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current antiviral therapies can control viral replication in patients with chronic HBV infection; however, there is a risk of HCC development. HBV-related proteins may be produced in hepatocytes regardless of antiviral therapies and influence intracellular metabolism and signaling pathways, resulting in liver carcinogenesis. To understand the mechanisms of liver carcinogenesis, the effect of HBV infection in human hepatocytes should be analyzed. HBV infects human hepatocytes through transfer to the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). Although the NTCP is expressed on the hepatocyte surface in several animals, including mice, HBV infection is limited to human primates. Due to this species-specific liver tropism, suitable animal models for analyzing HBV replication and developing antivirals have been lacking since the discovery of the virus. Recently, a humanized mouse model carrying human hepatocytes in the liver was developed based on several immunodeficient mice; this is useful for analyzing the HBV life cycle, antiviral effects of existing/novel antivirals, and intracellular signaling pathways under HBV infection. Herein, the usefulness of human hepatocyte chimeric mouse models in the analysis of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Approaches for the Prevention)
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11 pages, 1540 KiB  
Review
Envelope Proteins of Hepatitis B Virus: Molecular Biology and Involvement in Carcinogenesis
by Jun Inoue, Kosuke Sato, Masashi Ninomiya and Atsushi Masamune
Viruses 2021, 13(6), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061124 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5349
Abstract
The envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is required for the entry to hepatocytes, consists of a lipid bilayer derived from hepatocyte and HBV envelope proteins, large/middle/small hepatitis B surface antigen (L/M/SHBs). The mechanisms and host factors for the envelope formation in [...] Read more.
The envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is required for the entry to hepatocytes, consists of a lipid bilayer derived from hepatocyte and HBV envelope proteins, large/middle/small hepatitis B surface antigen (L/M/SHBs). The mechanisms and host factors for the envelope formation in the hepatocytes are being revealed. HBV-infected hepatocytes release a large amount of subviral particles (SVPs) containing L/M/SHBs that facilitate escape from the immune system. Recently, novel drugs inhibiting the functions of the viral envelope and those inhibiting the release of SVPs have been reported. LHBs that accumulate in ER is considered to promote carcinogenesis and, especially, deletion mutants in the preS1/S2 domain have been reported to be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize recent reports on the findings regarding the biological characteristics of HBV envelope proteins, their involvement in HCC development and new agents targeting the envelope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Approaches for the Prevention)
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