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Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource...
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Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource Recycling

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2024 | Viewed by 6044

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jieming Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: cyanobacteria blooms; growth regulation; algal toxins; biodegradation; new materials; ecological remediation
Dr. Hong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Interests: microcystis; cyanobacteria; microplastic; cyanotoxin; toxicity; sediment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Harmful algal blooms, which are an unsolved major water environment problem worldwide, pose severe threats to aquatic ecosystem functions and human health. Although conventional methods of controlling blooms have achieved temporary and partial success, the increasing intensity and frequency of harmful blooms highlight the need for more effective solutions due to a warming climate and eutrophication. Thus, there is an urgent demand for technological innovation and improvement to realize more effective mitigation against harmful algal blooms and/or cyanotoxin release. Besides algicidal technologies, the reasonable utilization of algal biomass is considered a promising way to carry out bloom mitigation and resource recycling. Comprehensive algicidal and recycling mechanisms are also global concerns. Therefore, we are launching this Special Issue which aims to integrate novel techniques and materials, and/or uncover underlying mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of inspiring innovative scientific solutions in this field.

For this Special Issue, we are specifically seeking manuscripts that involve novel techniques and materials for bloom mitigation, including, but not limited to: (i) effects on algal populations and/or communities, e.g., their control/prevention/remediation effectiveness, eco-compatibility, and sustainability; (ii) synergistic effects with various factors, e.g., current climate factors and emerging pollutants; (iii) comprehensive mechanisms, e.g., emerging bio-indicators and omics analysis. We welcome manuscripts in the form of original research articles, reviews, short communications, perspectives, and commentaries on the aforementioned topics and domains.

Dr. Jieming Li
Dr. Hong Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • harmful cyanobacterial bloom
  • mitigation technology
  • mitigation mechanism
  • algicidal material
  • cyanotoxin removal
  • resource recycling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5784 KiB  
Article
Benthic Microbes on the Shore of Southern Lake Taihu Exhibit Ecological Significance and Toxin-Producing Potential Through Comparison with Planktonic Microbes
by Qihang Zhao, Bin Wu, Jun Zuo, Peng Xiao, He Zhang, Yaping Dong, Shuai Shang, Guanning Ji, Ruozhen Geng and Renhui Li
Water 2024, 16(21), 3155; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213155 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Water quality and aquatic ecosystems along lakeshores are vital for ecological balance and human well-being. However, research has primarily focused on plankton, with benthic niches being largely overlooked. To enhance understanding of benthic microbial communities, we utilized 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing alongside [...] Read more.
Water quality and aquatic ecosystems along lakeshores are vital for ecological balance and human well-being. However, research has primarily focused on plankton, with benthic niches being largely overlooked. To enhance understanding of benthic microbial communities, we utilized 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing alongside multivariate statistical methods to analyze samples from the shoreline of Lake Taihu in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Our results reveal a marked difference in species composition between benthic and planktonic microorganisms, with benthic cyanobacteria predominantly comprising filamentous genera like Tychonema, while 95% of planktonic cyanobacteria were Cyanobium. The β-diversity of benthic microorganisms was notably higher than that of planktonic counterparts. The neutral community model indicated that stochastic processes dominated planktonic microbial assembly, while deterministic processes prevailed in benthic communities. Null models showed that homogeneous selection influenced benthic community assembly, whereas planktonic communities were affected by undominated processes and dispersal limitation. Network analysis indicated that planktonic networks were more stable than benthic networks. Importantly, dominant benthic cyanobacterial genera posed potential toxin risks, highlighting the need for enhanced monitoring and ecological risk assessment. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of benthic and planktonic microbial communities in lakeshores and offer valuable insights for aquatic assessment and management in eutrophicated environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource Recycling)
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17 pages, 3125 KiB  
Article
Algal Decomposition Accelerates Denitrification as Evidenced by the High-Resolution Distribution of Nitrogen Fractions in the Sediment–Water Interface of Eutrophic Lakes
by Yu Yao, Ying Chen, Ruiming Han, Desheng Chen, Huanxin Ma, Xiaoxiang Han, Yuqi Feng and Chenfei Shi
Water 2024, 16(2), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020341 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1492
Abstract
This study investigates the decomposition process of algal blooms (ABs) in eutrophic lakes and its impact on the labile endogenous nitrogen (N) cycle. In situ techniques such as diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) were employed to decipher the [...] Read more.
This study investigates the decomposition process of algal blooms (ABs) in eutrophic lakes and its impact on the labile endogenous nitrogen (N) cycle. In situ techniques such as diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) were employed to decipher the vertical distribution of N fractions within the sediment–water interface (SWI) in Taihu, China. Additionally, an annular flume was used to simulate regional differences in lake conditions and understand labile nitrogen transformation during AB decomposition. This study reveals that the NH4+-N fraction exuded from algae is subsequently converted into NO3-N and NO2-N through nitrification, resulting in a significant increase in the concentrations of NO3−-N and NO2−-N at the SWI. The decomposition of algae also induces a significant increase in dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration, referring to humic acid and humus-like components; a seven-millimeter decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) penetration depth; as well as a significant decrease in the pH value near the SWI, which consequently promotes denitrification processes in the sediment. Moreover, the decomposition process influences nitrogen distribution patterns and the role conversion of sediments between a “source” and a “sink” of nitrogen. This investigation provides evidence on the migration and/or transformation of N fractions and offers insights into the dynamic processes across the SWI in eutrophic lakes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource Recycling)
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34 pages, 17088 KiB  
Article
Phosphorus Threshold for the Growth of Microcystis wesenbergii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Chlorella vulgaris Based on the Monod Formula
by Yansen Guo, Wenrui Fu, Nan Xiong, Jian He and Zheng Zheng
Water 2023, 15(24), 4249; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244249 - 12 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1819
Abstract
The outbreak of algae in freshwater bodies poses an important threat to aquatic ecosystems, making finding an effective method for controlling algal blooms imperative. Numerous key factors influence algal bloom outbreaks, with nutrient levels in the water body being the decisive factor. Current [...] Read more.
The outbreak of algae in freshwater bodies poses an important threat to aquatic ecosystems, making finding an effective method for controlling algal blooms imperative. Numerous key factors influence algal bloom outbreaks, with nutrient levels in the water body being the decisive factor. Current research regarding the effect of nutrient levels on algal growth shows that phosphorus is a nutrient that influences algal blooms. Herein, we propose the concept of a modified Monod model for the relationship between algal specific growth rate and phosphorus concentration. Through this improved Monod model, we inferred that the phosphorus concentration at a specific growth rate of zero is the lower threshold of phosphorus concentration that limits algal growth and can effectively control algal outbreaks. This lower threshold is denoted as S′. On the basis of this concept, we designed algal growth experiments. Our results provided an equation that effectively describes the relationship between algal growth and nutrient concentration. When three algal species grow under phosphorus-limited conditions, the corresponding phosphorus concentrations at which they maintain a growth rate of 0 are 0.0565, 0.0386, and 0.0205 mg/L as reflected by the following order of their S′ values: Microcystis wesenbergii S′ < Microcystis aeruginosa S′ < Chlorella vulgaris S′. Furthermore, with the increase in phosphorus concentration, the growth of M. aeruginosa becomes faster than that of M. wesenbergii and C. vulgaris. Consequently, M. aeruginosa becomes the dominant population in the water, leading to its predominance in algal blooms. This situation explains the common occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for regulating the concentration of phosphorus to control algal outbreaks. Therefore, our study is of great importance for controlling the eutrophication of water bodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource Recycling)
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Review

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18 pages, 1221 KiB  
Review
Influencing Factors for the Growth of Cladophora and Its Cell Damage and Destruction Mechanism: Implication for Prevention and Treatment
by Yuyao Wang, Kuo Wang, Xiaojie Bing, Yidan Tan, Qihao Zhou, Juan Jiang and Yuanrong Zhu
Water 2024, 16(13), 1890; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131890 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1740
Abstract
Cladophora is commonly found in marine and freshwater around the globe and provides productivity for littoral zone microorganisms and invertebrates. The eutrophication of the water body has led to the abnormal proliferation of Cladophora in some water, often in river coast channel outbreaks. [...] Read more.
Cladophora is commonly found in marine and freshwater around the globe and provides productivity for littoral zone microorganisms and invertebrates. The eutrophication of the water body has led to the abnormal proliferation of Cladophora in some water, often in river coast channel outbreaks. Even under the nutritional deficiency systems, such as the central trunk canal of the South-to-North Water Diversion in China, Cladophora’s blooms affect water quality and seriously jeopardize human health. Thus, the structural characteristics of Cladophora cells and spores, the factors affecting the growth of Cladophora cells, and the mechanisms of damage and destruction of Cladophora cells and spores were investigated. Cladophora cells are cylindrical with very thick cell walls. The inner layer of the spore wall is a thin membrane which contains the nucleus of the spore. The growth and spreading of Cladophora cells are affected by various environmental factors such as light, temperature, water depth, water level, nutrient salts, pH, etc. Some physical treatment measures, such as ultrasounds, would destroy the cell walls and membranes of Cladophora by its high-intensity mechanical action. Chemicals and aquatic plant measures can destroy Cladophora cells’ photosynthesis system, antioxidant enzyme systems, proteins, and ultrastructure. Based on the mechanisms for these cell damage and destruction, a combination of measures that are likely to inhibit the growth of Cladophora cells effectively was suggested. Furthermore, the damaged cells of Cladophora could provide some environmental benefits. Aggregated results could provide a scientific basis for further research on the control of blooms of Cladophora or the reuse of Cladophora cells as a natural resource. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological and Mechanism Research on Algal Bloom Mitigation and Resource Recycling)
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