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Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization
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Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5583

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rongkui Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Interests: resource; environmental waste; high value utilization; environmental management; life cycle; water pollution control; emerging organic pollutants; environmental assessment; ecological restoration; adsorption; catalysis; water pollution; heavy metal
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yiting Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Business, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410114, China
Interests: sewage treatment and resource utilization; high value utilization of environmental waste

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, the situation of water pollution prevention and control worldwide is still serious. Carbon materials have broad research and application prospects in water pollution prevention and control due to their large specific surface area and pore volume, controllable porous structure, and excellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Carbon materials can serve as efficient adsorbents for removing water pollutants, and can also serve as highly stable catalysts for degrading water pollutants. Especially, agricultural and forestry biomass is an important renewable resource with great potential for development and utilization. It has the advantages of low cost, large reserves, biodegradability, etc. It is an important raw material that can replace fossil resources to prepare multi-functional carbon materials. How to achieve targeted regulation of the surface properties and porous structure of agricultural and forestry biomass carbon materials through green and efficient processing techniques, and then prepare high-performance biomass carbon materials to achieve efficient removal of pollutants in environmental water has become a focus of research in recent years. This Special Issue aims to evaluate and analyze the latest research progress of biomass carbon materials in the field of water pollution prevention and control.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Wastewater treatment and resource utilization;
  • Classification and raw material sources of biomass carbon materials;
  • Preparation and modification regulation of biomass carbon materials;
  • Biomass carbon materials for adsorption and removal of pollutants in water bodies;
  • Catalytic degradation of pollutants in water using biomass carbon materials.

Dr. Rongkui Su
Dr. Yiting Luo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • wastewater utilization
  • water purification
  • biomass carbon materials
  • agricultural and forestry biomass
  • targeted regulation
  • heavy metals
  • emerging pollutants
  • adsorption
  • catalytic

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4576 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Enhanced Fluoride Adsorption Using Amino-Functionalized Aluminum-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
by Yiting Luo, Zhao Liu, Mingqiang Ye, Yihui Zhou, Rongkui Su, Shunhong Huang, Yonghua Chen and Xiangrong Dai
Water 2024, 16(20), 2889; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202889 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 647
Abstract
Due to the increasing fluoride concentrations in water bodies, significant environmental concerns have arisen. This study focuses on aluminum-based materials with a high affinity for fluorine, specifically enhancing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with amino groups to improve their adsorption and defluorination performance. We systematically [...] Read more.
Due to the increasing fluoride concentrations in water bodies, significant environmental concerns have arisen. This study focuses on aluminum-based materials with a high affinity for fluorine, specifically enhancing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with amino groups to improve their adsorption and defluorination performance. We systematically investigate the factors influencing and mechanisms governing the adsorption and defluorination behavior of amino-functionalized aluminum-based MOF materials in aqueous environments. An SEM, XRD, and FT-IR characterization confirms the successful preparation of NH2-MIL-101 (Al). In a 10 mg/L fluoride ion solution at pH 7.0, fluoride ion removal efficiency increases with the dosage of NH2-MIL-101 (Al), although the marginal improvement decreases beyond 0.015 g/L. Under identical conditions, the fluoride adsorption capacity of NH2-MIL-101 (Al) is seven times greater than that of NH2-MIL-101 (Fe). NH2-MIL-101 (Al) demonstrates effective fluoride ion adsorption across a broad pH range, with superior fluoride uptake in acidic conditions. At a fluoride ion concentration of 7 mg/L, with 0.015 g of NH2-MIL-101 (Al) at pH 3.0, adsorption equilibrium is achieved within 60 min, with a capacity of 31.2 mg/g. An analysis using adsorption isotherm models reveals that the fluoride ion adsorption on NH2-MIL-101 (Al) follows a monolayer adsorption model, while kinetic studies indicate that the predominant adsorption mechanism is chemical adsorption. This research provides a scientific basis for the advanced treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater, offering significant theoretical and practical contributions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization)
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15 pages, 5792 KiB  
Article
Cobalt-Based MOF Material Activates Persulfate to Degrade Residual Ciprofloxacin
by Yiting Luo and Rongkui Su
Water 2024, 16(16), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162299 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 795
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in water environments have garnered widespread attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have found extensive applications in water purification. This study investigates the use of a cobalt-based MOF material, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)(Co), for activating persulfate (PMS) to remove residual antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from [...] Read more.
Antibiotic residues in water environments have garnered widespread attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have found extensive applications in water purification. This study investigates the use of a cobalt-based MOF material, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)(Co), for activating persulfate (PMS) to remove residual antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous environments. The main findings are as follows: ZIF-67(Co) exhibits insignificant adsorption capacity for CIP, and PMS alone does not degrade CIP effectively. However, ZIF-67(Co)-activated PMS demonstrates the efficient degradation of CIP, following pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. Under optimal conditions of the catalyst dosage (15 mg) and PMS concentration (1.0 mM), the removal efficiency reaches 88% after 60 min. Comparative analysis of CIP degradation at different initial pH levels shows that the highest efficiency is reached under mildly acidic conditions, with an 86% removal rate achieved within 60 min under these conditions. Investigation into the impact of various inorganic anions on the ZIF-67(Co)-catalyzed PMS degradation of CIP reveals significant inhibition by chloride ions (Cl−), whereas nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions have minor effects on the degradation efficiency. The system demonstrates a consistent performance across different water matrices, highlighting ZIF-67(Co)/PMS as effective for ciprofloxacin removal in environmental waters. This study provides technical support for the efficient removal of antibiotic residues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization)
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14 pages, 7071 KiB  
Article
Removing Norfloxacin from Aqueous Solutions Using Biochar Derived from Waste Disposable Bamboo Chopsticks
by Ming Zhang, Shuai Shao, Penghui Li and Runjuan Zhou
Water 2023, 15(24), 4306; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244306 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1283
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in water environments increases the resistance of bacterial and can also cause irreversible damage to ecosystems and the human body. In this study, disposable bamboo chopsticks were used as raw material to prepare bamboo biochar (BB) via oxygen-limited pyrolysis [...] Read more.
The presence of antibiotics in water environments increases the resistance of bacterial and can also cause irreversible damage to ecosystems and the human body. In this study, disposable bamboo chopsticks were used as raw material to prepare bamboo biochar (BB) via oxygen-limited pyrolysis to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from aqueous solutions. The properties of the BB were explained through the characterization of its SBET, morphology, structure, and functional groups. The effects of the dosage, pH, ionic strength, and water type on the removal of NOR using BB were investigated. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacities (Qmax) of NOR removed by BB at 25, 35, and 45 °C obtained using the Langmuir model were 76.17, 77.22, and 105.19 mg/g, respectively. To facilitate a comparison with other types of biochar, this study also prepared biochar of rice straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, corn straw, rape straw, peanut shell, Eichhornia crassipes, and other biomass raw materials under the same preparation conditions as the BB. The results demonstrated that the removal rate of NOR using BB was the highest under the same adsorption conditions, reaching 99.71%. Biochar from waste disposable bamboo chopsticks can be used for the treatment of new types of pollutants in water bodies, such as antibiotics and other organic contaminants, which will help to achieve sustainable solid waste management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization)
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20 pages, 5516 KiB  
Article
Comparative Screening Study on the Adsorption of Aqueous Pb(II) Using Different Metabolically Inhibited Bacterial Cultures from Industry
by Patrick Y. Kpai, Jaco Nel, Nils Haneklaus, Evans M. N. Chirwa and Hendrik G. Brink
Water 2023, 15(24), 4259; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244259 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
The global concern about the water pollution caused by heavy metals necessitates effective water treatment methods. Adsorption, with its substantial advantages, stands out as a promising approach. This study delves into the efficiency of Pb(II) removal using metabolically inhibited microbial cultures. These cultures [...] Read more.
The global concern about the water pollution caused by heavy metals necessitates effective water treatment methods. Adsorption, with its substantial advantages, stands out as a promising approach. This study delves into the efficiency of Pb(II) removal using metabolically inhibited microbial cultures. These cultures encompass waste-activated sewage sludge (SS), industrially sourced bioremediation microbes (commercial 1—C1 and commercial 2—C2), an industrially acquired Pb(II) remediating consortium (Cons), and refined strains (derived from Cons) of Paraclostridium bifermentans (PB) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). Our findings reveal maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacities of 141.2 mg/g (SS), 208.5 mg/g (C1), 193.8 mg/g (C2), 220.4 mg/g (Cons), 153.2 mg/g (PB), and 217.7 mg/g (KP). The adsorption kinetics adhere to a two-phase pseudo-first-order model, indicative of distinct fast and slow adsorption rates. Equilibrium isotherms align well with the two-surface Langmuir model, implying varied adsorption sites with differing energies. The Crank mass transfer model highlights external mass transfer as the primary mechanism for Pb(II) removal. Surface interactions between sulfur (S) and lead (Pb) point to the formation of robust surface complexes. FTIR analysis detects diverse functional groups on the adsorbents’ surfaces, while BET analyses reveal non-porous agglomerates with a minimal internal surface area. The Pb(II) recovery rates are notable, with values of 72.4% (SS), 68.6% (C1), 69.7% (C2), 69.6% (Cons), 61.0% (PB), and 72.4% (KP), underscoring the potential of these cost-effective adsorbents for treating Pb(II)-contaminated aqueous streams and contributing to enhanced pollution control measures. Nevertheless, optimization studies are imperative to evaluate the optimal operational conditions and extend the application to adsorb diverse environmental contaminants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Carbon Materials in Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization)
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