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Delta Coastal Morphodynamic Systems in Response to Climate Change on Decade-to-Century Time Scales

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 8532

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Junjie Deng

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Guest Editor

1. School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: coastal and estuarine morphogenetic evolution; sediment dynamics; modelling methodologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of climate change, how delta coastal systems will evolve in the future remains a challenging and important issue for delta restoration. Furthermore, the reduction of riverine sediment supply from catchments may amplify the impact of the relative sea-level rises or storms on the geomorphic systems. Delta coastal systems as three-dimensional regimes appear to be much more complex than sandy open coast systems, as they are usually affected by the riverine sediment supply and river mouth processes, which are modified by marine processes including density gradient driven by saline water intrusion. Additionally, recent studies suggest that sediment cohesion, vegetation and other biophysical processes can also influence the delta evolutionary pathway.

This Special Issue invites contributions dealing with coastline changes, morphological and sedimentological evolution, sediment dynamics, and the associated biological and ecological changes in delta coastal systems. The studies should be able to facilitate the understanding of the past and future behavior of delta coastal systems in response to climate changes on decade-to-century time scales. Papers about concepts, analytical or empirical studies, idealized or numerical models, information theory, or other quantitative approaches that assist in addressing the topic are all welcome.

Dr. Junjie Deng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

delta coastal system
marine processes
evolution
sediment dynamics
climate change
relative sea-level rise
storms

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison Study on Climate Changes between the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Areas around the Baltic Sea

by Bing Wang, Jinpeng Zhang, Jie Yang, Jing Zheng, Yanhong Xu and Wenguang Chai

Water 2023, 15(5), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050912 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

With global warming, coastal areas are exposed to multiple climate-related hazards. Understanding the facts and attribution of regional climate change in coastal communities is a frontier science challenge. In this study, we focus on fact analysis of multi-scale climate changes in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area (GBA) and around the Baltic Sea area (BSA). We selected three Asian stations from the GBA in South China (Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macao) and five European stations around the Baltic Sea (Stockholm, Haparanda A, Vestervig, Poznan, and Frankfurt) from four countries in the BSA as representative stations, which have more than 100- or 150-year datasets. Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Mann–Kendall methods, this study focuses on the multi-scale temperature and precipitation fluctuation and mutation analysis in the past. The multi-scale analyses show that there are four time-scale changes in both areas. They are the inter-annual scale, inter-decadal scale, centennial scale, and trend, but the lengths of different timescales vary in both regions, especially the inter-decadal scale and centennial scale. For temperature, the inter-annual scales show the same results, with 2–4 and 7–9 a in both the GBA and BSA. In the GBA, the inter-decadal scales are 10–14, 30–50, and 55–99 a, while in the BSA, they are 13–20, 26–50, and 66–99 a. For centennial scales, there are 143–185 and 200–264 a in the BSA and about 100–135 a in the GBA. Temperature trends in the GBA reveal that the coastal area has experienced an upward trend (Hong Kong and Macao), but in the inland area (Guangzhou), the trend fluctuated. Temperature trends in the BSA have risen since 1756. For precipitation, the inter-annual scales are 2–4 and 6–9 a in both the GBA and BSA. The inter-decadal scales are 11–29 and 50–70 a in the GBA and 11–20, 33–50, and 67–86 a in the BSA. For centennial scales, there are about 100 a in the GBA and 100–136 a in the BSA. In the GBA, the precipitation trends show stronger local characteristics, with three different fluctuation types. In the BSA, most stations had a fluctuating trend except Haparanda A and Vestervig station, which experienced an upward trend throughout the whole time range. Overall, there are no unified trends for precipitation in both areas. Temperature mutation tests show that only Vestervig in the BSA changed abruptly in 1987, while the mutation point of Macao in the GBA was 1991. Precipitation mutation points of Stockholm and Vestervig were 1878 and 1918 in the BSA, while only Macao in the GBA changed abruptly in 1917. The results reveal that the regional climate mutation of both areas is not obvious, but the temperature changes with an upward trend as a whole. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Delta Coastal Morphodynamic Systems in Response to Climate Change on Decade-to-Century Time Scales)

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16 pages, 4087 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Response of Channel Morphology to Climate Change over the Past 2000 Years Using Vertical Boreholes Analysis in Lancang River Headwater in Tibetan Plateau

by Yinjun Zhou, Yu Gao, Qinjing Shen, Xia Yan, Xiaobin Liu, Shuai Zhu, Yuansen Lai, Zhijing Li and Zhongping Lai

Water 2022, 14(10), 1593; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14101593 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2567

Abstract

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, known as the world’s “third pole”, is home to several large rivers in Asia. Its geomorphology is exceptionally vulnerable to climate change, which has had a significant impact on historical riverbed development through runoff and sedimentation processes. However, there is limited research combining climate change, sedimentology, and chronology with river dynamics to investigate riverbed evolution patterns in geological-historical time scales and their changes in overland flow capacity. In the current study, the evolution of a representative portion of the river channel in the Nangqian basin in the Lancang River headwaters was investigated to explore the reaction of the riverbed to climatic change during the geological period via field surveys, riverbed drilling, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and bankfull channel geometry parameters. The generalized channel section of the historical period was obtained by linking sedimentary layers of the same age on the distribution map of borehole sections, and the bankfull area of the river was computed accordingly. The restored bankfull areas can effectively reflect the ability of historical river channels to transport water and sediment, thus reflecting the climate change at that time. The findings showed that river morphology in the mounded river section could be successfully reconstructed using OSL dating and sedimentary records and that the conceptual sections of the historical warm periods at 2000 years (2 ka) and 0.7 ka can be recovered. Based on the reconstruction, the calculated bankfull areas during the two warm events were larger than present by factors of 1.28 and 1.9, respectively, indicating a stronger capacity for transporting water and sediments. This is the first trial in the Lancang headwaters to investigate the response of river morphology to climate change on a geological time scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Delta Coastal Morphodynamic Systems in Response to Climate Change on Decade-to-Century Time Scales)

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15 pages, 3097 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analysis on the Dynamics of Coastline and Reclamation in Pearl River Estuary in China for Nearly Last Half Century

by Xiaohao Zhang, Jingrou Lin, Huamei Huang, Junjie Deng and Aiping Chen

Water 2022, 14(8), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081228 - 11 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2916

Abstract

The Pearl River Estuary is in the geometric center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which is one of the main battlefields to drive the high-quality development of China’s economy. This paper uses seven sets of typical satellite images in Pearl River Estuary for nearly half a century (from 1973 to 2021) to analyze the changes of coastline and sea reclamation. The results show that from 1973 to 2021, the total length of the coastline of the Pearl River Estuary increased from 240.09 km to 416.00 km, and that of the continental coastline from 186.87 km to 246.21 km (but the length of natural coastline in the continental coastline decreased from 136.91 km to 15.17 km). In the same period, the total reclamation area of the Pearl River Estuary increased by 28,256.06 ha. Before 2012, the growth rate of reclamation was generally fast. After 2012, the reclamation in China has entered a period of reflection. With reclamation was strictly controlled in the new era, only the previously approved reclamation projects and national major projects have been guaranteed, which makes the average annual growth rate of the coastline length and the reclamation area in the region show a significant downward trend. The reclamation in early days was largely for agriculture and pond culture purposes, but is shifting to transportation, industrial development, and urban construction in recent decades. This study scientifically analyzes the coastline and reclamation changes of the Pearl River Estuary in the past half century, which has a very important reference value for the next step to formulate marine ecological protection and restoration strategies, and construct a new pattern of marine space development and protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Delta Coastal Morphodynamic Systems in Response to Climate Change on Decade-to-Century Time Scales)

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