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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 7627

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Viola Vambol

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Guest Editor

Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublindisabled, Lublin, Poland
Interests: environmental pollution

Dr. Nadeem Ahmad Khan

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Guest Editor

Environmental Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh 122107, Haryana, India
Interests: emerging contaminants; nanotechnology; micropollutants in water and wastewater; technology; aqueous phase; new trends

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plain fresh water has become one of the most valuable resources in the world due to constant human impact. Every year there is a significant decrease in the water resources quality in the process of unreasonable use. Thus, being quantitatively inexhaustible, water resources are qualitatively exhaustible (especially in certain regions). Water reserves in the world are gradually depleted, regional situations of water shortages are recorded (for example, France, summer 2022) and this problem is aggravating every year, which requires serious structural changes in the economy of water consumption. The development and implementation of wastewater and waste management technology solutions based on an understanding of regional activities and associated pollutants can make a difference. Thus, this special issue is aimed at highlighting regional environmental problems related to water resources, identifying the patterns of their causes, as well as sharing experience in the application of technological, biological, chemical and organizational technologies for the effective management of water pollutants and waste various types at the regional level.

Prof. Dr. Viola Vambol
Dr. Nadeem Ahmad Khan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Water resources
effluents
pollutants
treatment technologies
trends in natural water conservation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulating Aquifer for Nitrate Ion Migration Processes in Soil

by Oanamari Daniela Orbuleţ, Cristina Modrogan and Cristina-Ileana Covaliu-Mierla

Water 2024, 16(5), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050783 - 6 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1082

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the removal of nitrate ions from groundwater by employing dynamic permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with A400-nZVI. This research aimed to determine the parameters of the barrier and evaluate its overall capacity to retain nitrate ions during percolation with a potassium nitrate solution. The process involves obtaining zerovalent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles, which were synthesized and incorporated onto an anionic resin support material (A400) through the reduction reaction of ferrous ions with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). This is achieved by preparing a ferrous sulfate solution, contacting it with the ion exchange resin at various solid–liquid mass ratios and gradually adding sodium borohydride under continuous stirring in an oxygen-free environment to create the A400-nZVI barrier. The results of the study, focusing on the development of permeable reactive barriers composed of nano zero-valent iron and ion exchangers, highlight the significant potential of water treatment processes when appropriately sized. The research specifically assesses the effectiveness of NO₃⁻ removal by using the A400-nZVI permeable reactive barrier, conducting laboratory tests that simulate a naturally stratified aquifer with high nitrate contamination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment, Innovative Method of Management and Regional Prospect of Pollutants)

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16 pages, 4640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes of Water Consumption in a Forester’s Lodge in Polesie National Park (Poland)—Case Study

by Anna Myka-Raduj, Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski, Tadeusz Siwiec and Waldemar Raduj

Water 2023, 15(17), 3157; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173157 - 4 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1158

Abstract

The object of the present study was to analyse water consumption in a four-person household (park employee housing) located in the village of Kulczyn in Polesie National Park (PNP) in Poland. The wastewater from the buildings was discharged to a hybrid constructed wetland integrated into a closed-loop water system. As part of the study, seasonal, weekly, and daily changes in water consumption and the amount of water used to flush the toilets were determined over a period of one year. It was shown that the average daily water consumption in the entire house was 437 L/d, or 109 L/p/d (litres/person/day). The average daily water consumption per capita was, therefore, similar to that reported for Poland by the European Commission and much lower than that reported for Western European countries (150–250 L/p/d). The highest water withdrawals were recorded in the spring season (March–May) at 117–122 L/p/d, and the lowest in the holiday month of July—88 L/p/d. The highest water consumption levels during the week were recorded on Saturdays—an average of 136 L/p/d, and the lowest on Wednesdays—an average of 92 L/p/d. During the 24 h of a day, the highest water withdrawals were observed late in the evening (10–11 pm) and periodically in the morning (around 10 am), on weekends, and during the holiday period (July and August). It was shown that the amount of water used to flush toilets represented on average about 20% of the total amount of water consumed. This indicates that approximately 88 L/d of water was used to flush the toilets in the homestead under study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment, Innovative Method of Management and Regional Prospect of Pollutants)

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19 pages, 9327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Bentonite@Fe₃O₄@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite: An Investigation of the Characterization of the Photocatalyst, Degradation Pathway, and Modeling by Solver Plugin

by Ayat Hossein Panahi, Tariq J. Al-Musawi, Mahdieh Masihpour, Seyedeh Fatemeh Tabatabaei Fard and Negin Nasseh

Water 2023, 15(16), 2931; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162931 - 14 Aug 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2166

Abstract

Humic acid (HA), the most highly prevalent type of natural organic matter (NOM), plays an effective role in the generation of disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acid, which are well known to be definitive carcinogens. Therefore, the proactive elimination of HA from water and wastewater is a crucial means of preventing this pollutant from reacting with the chlorine incorporated during the disinfection process. This study investigated the UV light photocatalytic elimination of HA, employing a bentonite@Fe₃O₄@ZnO (BNTN@Fe₃O₄@ZnO) magnetic nanocomposite. The most significant variables pertinent to the photocatalytic degradation process examined in this work included the pH (3–11), nanocomposite dose (0.005–0.1 g/L), reaction time (5–180 min), and HA concentration (2–15 mg/L). The synthesized materials were characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, all of which revealed outstanding catalytic properties for the BNTN@Fe₃O₄@ZnO. The conditions under which greater efficiency was achieved included a pH of 3, a nanocomposite dose of 0.01 g/L, and an HA concentration of 10 mg/L. Under these conditions, in just 90 min of photocatalytic reaction, an HA degradation efficiency of 100% was achieved. From the modeling study of the kinetic data, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model showed good compliance (R² = 0.97) with the empirical data and predicted values. Thus, it can be concluded that the BNTN@Fe₃O₄@ZnO catalyst acts very efficiently in the HA removal process under a variety of treatment conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment, Innovative Method of Management and Regional Prospect of Pollutants)

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29 pages, 3143 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment of Dyeing Wastewater Using Foam Separation: Optimization Studies

by Kaushal Naresh Gupta, Rahul Kumar, Amit Kumar Thakur and Nadeem A. Khan

Water 2023, 15(12), 2236; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122236 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1983

Abstract

Technological advancement, on the one hand, leads to the enhanced quality of the final product but on the other hand, generates a good quantity of effluent. The wastewater containing dyes which emanates from the textile industry is a cause of worry. Hence, this paper focuses on the treatment of dyeing wastewater using the foam separation process as it offers several advantages over other traditional methods. Methylene blue (MB), owing to its ill effects on the entire ecosystem, has been considered as a model dye in this research work. The objective of this work is to remove MB from wastewater and at the same time, its recovery in the foam phase. The ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to perform separation of MB was compared. The following operating parameters were identified: contact time, initial pH of a feed solution, surfactant dose, volumetric flow rate of air, volume of liquid in the column, and concentration of dye; which greatly influence the separation parameters (% removal and enrichment ratio). Keeping in mind the importance of recovering MB from dilute solutions, the method to enhance foam drainage was devised by inserting an inverted funnel in the foam phase. In the presence of inverted funnel, the concentration of MB in the foamate doubled in comparison to the conventional column (without an inverted funnel). The comparison between SDS and SDBS divulged SDBS as a better surfactant to get concentrated solution of MB in the foamate, but the quantity of SDBS required was more. The optimization of operating variables was also done by using the Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. Finally, the concentration of MB was discovered to be the most responsive operating parameter for both separation parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment, Innovative Method of Management and Regional Prospect of Pollutants)

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