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Emerging Pollutants in Aquatic Environments and Chemical-Biological Remediation

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 21012

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: environmental pollution; air quality and monitoring; water quality and remediation; disinfection; environmental and occupational health; exposure assessment; occupational safety

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
Interests: environmental chemistry; stable isotope analysis; environmental monitoring; occupational health

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
Interests: environmental chemistry; stable isotope analysis; analytical chemistry; environmental pollutants monitoring; green chemistry; sustainable catalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, herbicides, and endocrine-disrupting compounds, have been detected in global water supplies at trace levels and there are currently no existing regulations requiring monitoring or public reporting of their presence in our water supply nor legislative limits.

All sources of drinking water can contain some contaminants. At low levels, most are not considered to be harmful. Some contaminants are naturally occurring in the environment though people, animals, and industry can also add contaminants into our water supplies. To add to the complexity, many ECs undergo biological and chemical degradation in the environment: thus, transformation products also need to be considered. These compounds have the tendency to accumulate in living tissues, thus entering the food chain. It is therefore an urgent requirement to not only develop reliable and cost-effective methods to analyze a wide range of EC compounds but, also, to find technoeconomically feasible options for their efficient removal from water. Currently, very limited information is available regarding exposure to trace levels of emerging contaminants in global drinking water supplies and their attributed health effects. The consensus in the scientific community is that the available data on these emerging contaminants are not yet sufficient enough to adequately address potential health effects at the trace levels found in waterbodies.

The present Special Issue entitled “Emerging Pollutants in Aquatic Environments and Chemical–Biological Remediation” aims to publish original research, review papers, and short communications on the identification, sampling, analysis, monitoring, and treatment protocols to measure and document the occurrence of emerging contaminants and to remediate such compounds in waterbodies. The overall scope includes up-to-date developments on the current state of knowledge of theoretical, applied, observational, and methodological studies in which novel approaches and robust results are presented and discussed as well as the urgent actions needed to understand their ultimate impact on human health and to develop a realistic exposure scenario.

Specifically, the topics of this Special Issue include, but are not restricted to, the following:

  • 1. Systematic research of environmental occurrence, fate, and responses of ECs in aquatic ecosystems;
  • 2. Understanding of the reactivity and interactions within biological systems;
  • 3. Toxicological investigation to support risk assessment and to determine the level of risk they present;
  • 4. Advanced analytical methodologies for their determination;
  • 5. Targeted development of remediation technology, treatment methods for removal of ECs from waterbodies.

Prof. Dr. Oriana Motta
Dr. Concetta Pironti
Dr. Maria Ricciardi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • environmental occurrence of ECs
  • ecotoxicological impacts
  • risk to human health
  • water treatments
  • advanced analytical methodologies
  • chemical and biological remediation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 910 KiB  
Communication
Contributions on Lindane Degradation by Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806
by Cristina Sarasa-Buisán, Jorge Guío, Carolina Castro, María Teresa Bes, María F. Fillat, María Luisa Peleato and Emma Sevilla
Water 2022, 14(8), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081219 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence [...] Read more.
Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, microcystin synthesis is enhanced. In this work, using in silico approaches, we have identified in M. aeruginosa putative homologues of the lin genes, involved in lindane degradation in Sphingobium japonicum UT26S. Real-time RT-PCR assays showed that the putative linC gene was induced in the presence of 7 mg/L of lindane. Additionally, prxA, encoding a peroxiredoxin, and involved in oxidative stress response, was also induced when lindane was present. Taking into account these results, M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 may degrade lindane through a metabolic pathway involving a putative 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase encoded by a linC homologue. However, the low similarity of the other potential lin homologues suggest the existence of an alternative pathway different to that of heterotrophic microorganisms such as S. japonicum. Full article
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Review

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32 pages, 2943 KiB  
Review
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure
by Concetta Pironti, Maria Ricciardi, Antonio Proto, Pietro Massimiliano Bianco, Luigi Montano and Oriana Motta
Water 2021, 13(10), 1347; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101347 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 129 | Viewed by 17438
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to [...] Read more.
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans. Full article
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30 pages, 1194 KiB  
Review
Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Analysis, and Human Exposure
by Maria Ricciardi, Concetta Pironti, Oriana Motta, Ylenia Miele, Antonio Proto and Luigi Montano
Water 2021, 13(7), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13070973 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 10726 | Correction
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) have recently been considered as emerging contaminants in the water environment. In the last number of years, the number of studies on MP has grown quickly due to the increasing consciousness of the potential risks for human health related to MP [...] Read more.
Microplastics (MP) have recently been considered as emerging contaminants in the water environment. In the last number of years, the number of studies on MP has grown quickly due to the increasing consciousness of the potential risks for human health related to MP exposure. The present review article discusses scientific literature regarding MP occurrence and accumulation on the aquatic compartment (river, lake, wastewater, seafood), the analytical methods used to assess their concentration, their fate and transport to humans, and delineates the urgent areas for future research. To better analogize literature data regarding MP occurrence in the aquatic compartment we subdivided papers based on sampling, analytical methods, and concentration units with the aim to help the reader identify the similarities and differences of the considered research papers, thus making the comparison of literature data easier and the individuation of the most relevant articles for the reader’s interests faster. Furthermore, we argued about several ways for MP transport to humans, highlighting some gaps in analytical methods based on the reviewed publications. We suggest improving studies on developing standardized protocols to collect, process, and analyze samples. Full article
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Other

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4 pages, 180 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Ricciardi et al. Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Analysis, and Human Exposure. Water 2021, 13, 973
by Maria Ricciardi, Concetta Pironti, Oriana Motta, Ylenia Miele, Antonio Proto and Luigi Montano
Water 2023, 15(9), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091718 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1286
Abstract
The original publication [...] Full article
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