Rockburst Mechanism and Its Prevention and Control in Underground Mines, Volume II

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rockbursts are amongst the most formidable mining hazards found in underground mines, posing significant threats to personnel, equipment, and infrastructure. A rockburst describes the dynamic failure of rock mass, involving a sudden release of strain energy which causes violent material ejections to the mine opening. Due to the greater mining depths reached in recent decades, underground mines have encountered high in situ stress and challenging environments in the deep rock mass, resulting in frequent rockbursts in most mining countries. To address this challenge, intensive analytical analyses and laboratory tests have been conducted to investigate the occurrence mechanism of rockbursts. Further, to achieve effective burst hazard control and prevention, several techniques such as microseismic, stress, and AE (acoustic emission) monitoring have been applied to burst-prone mines. Many methods have been developed, whether for assessing rock stability around excavations or identifying precursors before burst damage.

Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding of the latest research progress of rockbursts in underground mines, this Topic invites original papers on the rockburst mechanism, as well as its prevention and control. The scope of the research topics includes but is not limited to (1) rockburst mechanism studies using laboratory tests, analytical analysis, and numerical modeling, (2) seismic methods for burst risk assessment and hazard forecast, and (3) innovative hazard prevention and control techniques in field applications.

Prof. Dr. Anye Cao
Dr. Changbin Wang
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Minerals minerals	2.2	4.1	2011	18 Days	CHF 2400
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2400

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 9895 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Calculation of Crack Stress Thresholds Based on Volumetric Strain Decomposition for Siltstone and Granite

by Mingchun Liang, Shengjun Miao, Meifeng Cai, Fei Li and Zejing Liu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6473; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156473 - 25 Jul 2024

Viewed by 849

Abstract

Crack stress thresholds in rocks have long been a popular subject in rock mechanics and engineering research. In this study, the applicability of existing methods for determining the crack stress thresholds of granite and weakly cemented porous siltstone is investigated using step loading [...] Read more.

Crack stress thresholds in rocks have long been a popular subject in rock mechanics and engineering research. In this study, the applicability of existing methods for determining the crack stress thresholds of granite and weakly cemented porous siltstone is investigated using step loading and unloading tests. In addition, a novel method for decomposing the volumetric strain into solid-phase linear elastic strain, gas-phase nonlinear elastic strain, and plastic volumetric strain is presented. A quantitative calculation method for determining these thresholds is proposed based on the evolution law of the gas-phase volumetric strain and the physical significance of crack stress thresholds. The initiation and termination points of the stationary stage of the gas-phase volumetric strain are determined as ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{ci}}$; the point at which the gas-phase strain changes from positive to negative is determined as ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cd}}$. To validate the proposed method, statistical results of the existing methods after screening are compared with the results of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method provides reasonable crack stress thresholds for siltstone and granite and is applicable to rocks with similar stress–strain behaviors. The proposed method offers the advantages of independence from other methods, suitability across high and low confining pressures, and the capability for the quantitative calculation and processing of numerous samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Rockburst Mechanism and Its Prevention and Control in Underground Mines, Volume II)

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17 pages, 33405 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Tensile Failure Characteristics and Energy Calculation Model of Coal Seam Hard Roof Considering the Mining Speed

by Wenlong Li, Shihao Tu and Tongbin Zhao

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5734; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135734 - 1 Jul 2024

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Abstract

To reveal the influence mechanism of mining speed on roof fracture-type rockburst, the Brazilian split technique combined with acoustic emission monitoring technology was employed to study the effects of loading rates on the tensile failure characteristics and acoustic emission parameters of coal series [...] Read more.

To reveal the influence mechanism of mining speed on roof fracture-type rockburst, the Brazilian split technique combined with acoustic emission monitoring technology was employed to study the effects of loading rates on the tensile failure characteristics and acoustic emission parameters of coal series sandstone. The linear relationship between the tensile strength of the samples and the change rate of tensile stress was determined. The mining speed was introduced into the mechanical model of initial and cyclic fracture of the hard roof, and the quantitative relationship between the maximum rate of change of tensile stress within the hard roof and the mining speed was derived. Based on this, a computational model for the bending elastic energy of the hard roof during initial and cyclic fractures, considering the mining speed, was established. The main findings are as follows: As the loading rate increases, the distribution range of acoustic emission energy in sandstone Brazilian split samples before failure widens, with a significant rise in acoustic emission ring-down counts and energy at failure. At lower loading rates, acoustic emission events primarily occur near sample failure, whereas at higher rates, they mostly happen in the early loading stage. The higher the mining speed, the less opportunity there is for internal micro-fractures to develop and expand before the hard roof fractures, which macroscopically results in increased tensile strength and a larger amount of energy released at the moment of fracture. Bending elastic energy rises approximately linearly with mining speed, and the thicker the hard roof, the more sensitive the bending elastic energy is to changes in mining speed. This effect is even more pronounced during cyclic fractures. Optimizing mining speed is crucial for preventing roof fracture-type rockbursts, especially in mining workfaces with thick and hard roofs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Rockburst Mechanism and Its Prevention and Control in Underground Mines, Volume II)

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12 pages, 10223 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Stress–Structural Failure of a 610 m Crushing Station Left-Side Tunnel Section in Jinchuan II Mine: A Numerical Simulation Study

by Yongyuan Kou, Shenghua Yin, Shili Qiu and Jie Xin

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010059 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1032

Abstract

To address the stress–structural failure phenomenon that can be induced by the excavation of a left-side tunnel section of a 610 m crushing station, an unmanned aerial vehicle was used in this study to collect the geological conditions and rock mass information of [...] Read more.

To address the stress–structural failure phenomenon that can be induced by the excavation of a left-side tunnel section of a 610 m crushing station, an unmanned aerial vehicle was used in this study to collect the geological conditions and rock mass information of the working face, and important geometric information such as the attitude and spacing of rock mass were extracted. Based on the identified attitude and spacing information, a three-dimensional rock mass structure and numerical simulation model of the 610 m crushing station left-side tunnel section were constructed using discrete element numerical simulation software (3DEC) (version 5.0). The results show that the surrounding rock instability of the left-side tunnel section of the 610 m crushing station is controlled by both the stress field in the contact zone between reddish-brown granite stratum and the gray-black-gray gneiss stratum. The cause of stress–structural failure is that the joint sets (JSet #2 and JSet #3) are most likely to form unfavorable blocks with the excavation surface due to unloading triggered by the excavation. Therefore, stress–structural failure disasters in jointed strata sections are one of the key issues for surrounding rock stability during crushing station excavation. It is suggested to adopt ‘optimized excavation parameters + combined support forms’ to systematically control stress–structural failure after unloading due to the excavation from three levels: surface, shallow, and deep. The stress–structural failure mechanism of deep rock mass is generally applicable to a large extent, so the results of this research have reference value for engineering projects facing similar problems around the world. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Rockburst Mechanism and Its Prevention and Control in Underground Mines, Volume II)

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