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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Assessment of the Microbiological Potential and Spectroscopic Properties of New Imino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Showing the ESIPT Effect Strongly Enhanced by Aggregation

by
Edyta Chruściel
1,
Lidia Ślusarczyk
1,
Bożena Gładyszewska
1,
Dariusz Karcz
2,
Rafał Luchowski
3,
Aleksandra Nucia
4,
Tomasz Ociepa
4,
Michał Nowak
4,
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
4,
Adam Włodarczyk
5,
Mariusz Gagoś
6,
Sylwia Okoń
4,* and
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
1,*
1
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics (C1), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
4
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
5
Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
6
Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030531
Submission received: 9 December 2024 / Revised: 18 January 2025 / Accepted: 20 January 2025 / Published: 24 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Photochemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

There is currently a growing interest in imino derivatives of compounds such as thiadiazoles and other groups of compounds whose extended π-electron systems enhance their photophysical properties. These compounds also show low toxicity and strong antifungal activity, making them effective against fungal pathogens in crops. For the above reasons, in the first part of the paper, the structure of the selected analogs was considered, and detailed spectroscopic analyses were conducted focusing on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process taking place in the same. Measurements were taken in terms of absorption spectroscopy and electron fluorescence, synchronous spectra, and fluorescence lifetimes, as well as calculations of fluorescence quantum efficiency in selected solvents and concentrations. In the spectral observations, the ESIPT process was manifested in several solvents as very distinct dual fluorescence. Moreover, in selected molecules, this phenomenon was strongly related to molecular aggregation, which was associated with not very efficient but nonetheless visible fluorescence of the AIE (Aggregation-Induced Emission) type. In the second part of the paper, a detailed preliminary study is presented exploring the microbiological properties of selected imino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives in the context of their potential applicability as inhibitors affecting the development and growth of some of the most important fungal pathogens attacking cereal crops and posing an increasing threat to modern agriculture. Overall, the research presented in this article provides a detailed, experimental analysis of the spectroscopic properties of selected imino-thiadiazoles and points to their potential use as novel and effective solutions capable of limiting the growth and development of fungal pathogens in cereals.
Keywords: biological properties; biotrophic fungi; imino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives; dual fluorescence effects; ESIPT + AIE biological properties; biotrophic fungi; imino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives; dual fluorescence effects; ESIPT + AIE

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chruściel, E.; Ślusarczyk, L.; Gładyszewska, B.; Karcz, D.; Luchowski, R.; Nucia, A.; Ociepa, T.; Nowak, M.; Kowalczyk, K.; Włodarczyk, A.; et al. Assessment of the Microbiological Potential and Spectroscopic Properties of New Imino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Showing the ESIPT Effect Strongly Enhanced by Aggregation. Molecules 2025, 30, 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030531

AMA Style

Chruściel E, Ślusarczyk L, Gładyszewska B, Karcz D, Luchowski R, Nucia A, Ociepa T, Nowak M, Kowalczyk K, Włodarczyk A, et al. Assessment of the Microbiological Potential and Spectroscopic Properties of New Imino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Showing the ESIPT Effect Strongly Enhanced by Aggregation. Molecules. 2025; 30(3):531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030531

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chruściel, Edyta, Lidia Ślusarczyk, Bożena Gładyszewska, Dariusz Karcz, Rafał Luchowski, Aleksandra Nucia, Tomasz Ociepa, Michał Nowak, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, Adam Włodarczyk, and et al. 2025. "Assessment of the Microbiological Potential and Spectroscopic Properties of New Imino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Showing the ESIPT Effect Strongly Enhanced by Aggregation" Molecules 30, no. 3: 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030531

APA Style

Chruściel, E., Ślusarczyk, L., Gładyszewska, B., Karcz, D., Luchowski, R., Nucia, A., Ociepa, T., Nowak, M., Kowalczyk, K., Włodarczyk, A., Gagoś, M., Okoń, S., & Matwijczuk, A. (2025). Assessment of the Microbiological Potential and Spectroscopic Properties of New Imino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Showing the ESIPT Effect Strongly Enhanced by Aggregation. Molecules, 30(3), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030531

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