A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Enteroendocrine Cells
2.1. Role of Enteroendocrine Cells in the Brain-Gut Axis
2.2. Enteroendocrine Cells and Plasticity
3. History of Enterochromaffin Cells
4. Ultrastructural Features of Enterochromaffin Cells and Their Bipolarity
5. Localization of Enterochromaffin Cells
6. Heterogeneity of Enterochromaffin Cells
6.1. Serotonin in Enterochromaffin Cells
Serotonin–Gut Microbiota Interaction
6.2. Melatonin and Enterochromaffin Cells
Role of Melatonin in Gastrointestinal Tract
6.3. Substance P and Enterochromaffin Cells
7. Enterochromaffin Cells and Diet in Pathology
8. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EECs | Location | Hormones |
---|---|---|
A (X-like) cells | Stomach (corpus) | Ghrelin |
D cells | Stomach (pylorum) Proximal segment of the small intestine | Somatostatin |
EC cells | Stomach (pylorum), small and large intestine | 5-HT |
G cells | Stomach (antrum), duodenum | Gastrin |
I cells | Small intestine Distal portion small intestine | CCK 5-HT |
L cells | Distal portion of small intestine Colon (mainly in the proximal portion) Large intestine | GLP-1, GLP-2, PYY 5-HT |
K cells | Small intestine | GIP 5-HT |
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Rezzani, R.; Franco, C.; Franceschetti, L.; Gianò, M.; Favero, G. A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758
Rezzani R, Franco C, Franceschetti L, Gianò M, Favero G. A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(7):3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758
Chicago/Turabian StyleRezzani, Rita, Caterina Franco, Lorenzo Franceschetti, Marzia Gianò, and Gaia Favero. 2022. "A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7: 3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758
APA StyleRezzani, R., Franco, C., Franceschetti, L., Gianò, M., & Favero, G. (2022). A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758