Proenkephalin Levels and Its Determinants in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patient Characteristics
2.2. PENK A and Kidney Function Parameters
2.3. PENK A and HF Indicators
2.4. PENK A and Type of Dialysis Membrane
3. Discussion
3.1. PENK A as a Biomarker of Kidney Dysfunction
PENK A and Hemodialysis
3.2. PENK A in Patients with Heart Failure
3.3. Limitations of the Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Methods
4.3. Measurements
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall (n = 88) | HD (n = 66) | PD (n = 22) | p Value | |
Age (years) | 65 (51–72) | |||
Female, n (%) | 41 (47) | 26 (39) | 15 (68) | |
eGFR (CKD-EPI) (creatinine-based) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–8) | 0.856 |
Plasma PENK A (ng/mL) | 1.492 (1.071–4.380) | 1.368 (1.068–4.030) n = 65 * | 1.706 (1.211–5.858) n = 21 * | 0.305 |
Dialysis vintage, n (%) | ||||
<1 year | 19 (22) | 17 (26) | 2 (9) | |
≥1 and <5 years | 35 (40) | 27 (41) | 8 (36) | |
≥5 and <10 years | 20 (23) | 13 (20) | 7 (32) | |
≥10 years | 14 (16) | 9 (14) | 5 (23) | |
Residual diuresis (mL/24 h), n (%) | ||||
≤500 | 49 (56) | 38 (58) | 11 (50) | |
>500 and ≤1000 | 7 (8) | 5 (8) | 2 (9) | |
>1000 and ≤2000 | 26 (30) | 18 (27) | 8 (36) | |
>2000 | 6 (7) | 5 (8) | 1 (5) | |
Heart failure, n (%) | 24 (27) | 23 (35) | 1 (5) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 77 (88) | 60 (90) | 17 (77) | |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 22 (25) | 22 (33) | 0 | |
Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (35) | 26 (40) | 5 (23) | |
NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 14,100 (52,000–30,828) | 16,164 (7196–32,586) n = 40 | 8270 (3784– 21,231) n = 16 | 0.059 |
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Grycuk, W.; Jakubowska, Z.; Małyszko, J. Proenkephalin Levels and Its Determinants in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915015
Grycuk W, Jakubowska Z, Małyszko J. Proenkephalin Levels and Its Determinants in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(19):15015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915015
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrycuk, Wiktoria, Zuzanna Jakubowska, and Jolanta Małyszko. 2023. "Proenkephalin Levels and Its Determinants in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19: 15015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915015
APA StyleGrycuk, W., Jakubowska, Z., & Małyszko, J. (2023). Proenkephalin Levels and Its Determinants in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(19), 15015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915015