Personality and Attachment Patterns in Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio-Demographics | Variables | Groups Based on Diagnosis | Total (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PNES | Epilepsy | Healthy | |||
Sex | Male | 5 (7.3%) | 12 (17.6%) | 5 (7.3%) | 22 (32.3%) |
Female | 20 (29.4%) | 20 (29.4%) | 6 (8.8%) | 46 (67.7%) | |
Total | 25 (36.7%) | 32 (47%) | 11 (16.1%) | 68 | |
Age | Mean ± S.D. years | 32 ± 11 years | 28 ± 9 years | 28 ± 6 years | 29.8 ± 9.4 years |
Median | 31 | 27 | 27 | 27 | |
Range | 18–57 | 18–59 | 23–42 | 18–59 | |
Marital status | Single | 10 (14.7%) | 19 (27.9%) | 7 (10.2%) | 36 (53%) |
Married | 14 (20.5%) | 11 (16.1%) | 4 (5.8%) | 29 (42.6%) | |
Divorced | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.4%) | |
Widow | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Education level | Below University education | 12 (17.6%) | 19 (27.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 (45.6%) |
Graduate | 11 (16.1%) | 11 (16.1%) | 10 (14.7%) | 32 (47%) | |
Post graduate | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 5 (7.4%) |
Classifications of Psychological Evaluation | Groups Based on Diagnosis | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PNES | Epilepsy | Healthy | |||
RQ | 1 = Secure | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.113 |
2 = Fearful | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.312 | |
3 = Preoccupied | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2 ± 0.8 | 0.743 | |
4 = Dismissing | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 1 | 0.234 | |
RAS | RASTOTAL | 58.8 ± 20.8 | 76.6 ± 10.2 | 72.5 ± 17.5 | 0.1 |
BFI | Extraversion | 13.96 ± 3.46 | 15.17 ± 2.38 | 14.3 ± 1.83 | 0.504 |
Agreeableness | 8.6 ± 1.96 | 10.59 ± 3.39 | 8.2 ± 1.99 | 0.017 | |
Consciousness | 14.52 ± 2.74 | 14.72 ± 2.31 | 16.7 ± 3.33 | 0.150 | |
Neuroticism | 13.48 ± 3.4 | 14.21 ± 2.06 | 12.7 ± 3.83 | 0.599 | |
Openness | 11.6 ± 2.24 | 13.66 ± 3.2 | 13.4 ± 2.72 | 0.009 | |
SWSL | Total score | 15.2 ± 4.9 | 16.6 ± 4.4 | 16.9 ± 3.2 | 0.427 |
CBS | Neg_Own | 37.79 ± 13.1 | 22 ± 11.07 | 28.25 ± 5.56 | 0.009 |
Pos_Own | 29.36 ± 6.39 | 19.73 ± 9.77 | 29.75 ± 4.57 | 0.011 | |
Abusive_Own | 16.93 ± 5.48 | 15 ± 6.42 | 14 ± 2.94 | 0.567 | |
Neg_P | 37.29 ± 14.37 | 21.45 ± 10.05 | 26.25 ± 6.45 | 0.011 | |
Pos_P | 28.93 ± 7.08 | 20 ± 11.19 | 31.75 ± 6.99 | 0.028 | |
Abusive_P | 23.07 ± 17.87 | 12.18 ± 2.75 | 16.25 ± 0.5 | 0.21 |
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Al-Tamimi, N.; Al-Hameed, M.; Alqahtani, M.M.J.; Uzair, M.; Bashir, S.; Tayeb, H.; Abu-Zaid, A. Personality and Attachment Patterns in Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in Saudi Arabia. Medicina 2024, 60, 1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121926
Al-Tamimi N, Al-Hameed M, Alqahtani MMJ, Uzair M, Bashir S, Tayeb H, Abu-Zaid A. Personality and Attachment Patterns in Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in Saudi Arabia. Medicina. 2024; 60(12):1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121926
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Tamimi, Nadia, Majed Al-Hameed, Mohammed M. J. Alqahtani, Mohammad Uzair, Shahid Bashir, Haythum Tayeb, and Ahmed Abu-Zaid. 2024. "Personality and Attachment Patterns in Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in Saudi Arabia" Medicina 60, no. 12: 1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121926
APA StyleAl-Tamimi, N., Al-Hameed, M., Alqahtani, M. M. J., Uzair, M., Bashir, S., Tayeb, H., & Abu-Zaid, A. (2024). Personality and Attachment Patterns in Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in Saudi Arabia. Medicina, 60(12), 1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121926