Management of Chronic Disease and Hospitalization Due to Diabetes among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Korea: Using the National Sample Cohort Data 2002–2013
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Study Population
2.2. Variables
Dependent Variable
2.3. Calculating Management of Chronic Disease Fee
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | Hospitalization Due to Diabetes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p-Value | |||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
Management of Chronic Disease | <0.0001 | ||||||
Non-received | 46,571 | 86.2 | 40,368 | 86.7 | 6203 | 13.3 | |
1–3 times per annum | 3694 | 6.8 | 3317 | 89.8 | 377 | 10.2 | |
4–6 times per annum | 1284 | 2.4 | 1160 | 90.3 | 124 | 9.7 | |
7–9 times per annum | 1164 | 2.2 | 1065 | 91.5 | 99 | 8.5 | |
10–12 times per annum | 1318 | 2.4 | 1230 | 93.3 | 88 | 6.7 | |
Management of Chronic Disease | <0.0001 | ||||||
Non-received | 46,571 | 86.2 | 40,368 | 86.7 | 6203 | 13.3 | |
Received | 7460 | 13.8 | 6772 | 90.8 | 688 | 9.2 | |
Gender | <0.0001 | ||||||
Male | 29,296 | 54.2 | 25,398 | 86.7 | 3898 | 13.3 | |
Female | 24,735 | 45.8 | 21,742 | 87.9 | 2993 | 12.1 | |
Income | <0.0001 | ||||||
High | 20,931 | 38.7 | 18,489 | 88.3 | 2442 | 11.7 | |
Middle | 22,688 | 42.0 | 19,926 | 87.8 | 2762 | 12.2 | |
Low | 10,412 | 19.3 | 8725 | 83.8 | 1687 | 16.2 | |
Age group | <0.0001 | ||||||
less than 50 | 21,781 | 40.3 | 20,049 | 92.1 | 1732 | 8.0 | |
50 to 59 | 14,533 | 26.9 | 12,798 | 88.1 | 1735 | 11.9 | |
60 to 69 | 10,881 | 20.1 | 8962 | 82.4 | 1919 | 17.6 | |
70 or over | 6836 | 12.7 | 5331 | 78.0 | 1505 | 22.0 | |
Existence of disorder | <0.0001 | ||||||
No | 50,018 | 92.6 | 43,886 | 87.7 | 6132 | 12.3 | |
Yes | 4013 | 7.4 | 3254 | 81.1 | 759 | 18.9 | |
Residential area | <0.0001 | ||||||
Capital area | 23,744 | 44.0 | 21,233 | 89.4 | 2511 | 10.6 | |
Metropolitan area | 13,550 | 25.1 | 11,827 | 87.3 | 1723 | 12.7 | |
Rural area | 16,737 | 31.0 | 14,080 | 84.1 | 2657 | 15.9 | |
Type of insurance | 0.0005 | ||||||
Supporter | 28,295 | 52.4 | 24,822 | 87.7 | 3473 | 12.3 | |
Dependent | 25,736 | 47.6 | 22,318 | 86.7 | 3418 | 13.3 | |
Existence of complication | <0.0001 | ||||||
No | 37,617 | 69.6 | 33,684 | 89.5 | 3933 | 10.5 | |
Yes | 16,414 | 30.4 | 13,456 | 82.0 | 2958 | 18.0 | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | <0.0001 | ||||||
None | 9434 | 17.5 | 8641 | 91.6 | 793 | 8.4 | |
One | 9707 | 18.0 | 8654 | 89.2 | 1053 | 10.9 | |
Two | 9235 | 17.1 | 8146 | 88.2 | 1089 | 11.8 | |
Three or more | 25,655 | 47.5 | 21,699 | 84.6 | 3956 | 15.4 | |
Diabetes onset year | <0.0001 | ||||||
2003 | 8643 | 16.0 | 6668 | 77.2 | 1975 | 22.9 | |
2004 | 6971 | 12.9 | 5720 | 82.1 | 1251 | 18.0 | |
2005 | 7011 | 13.0 | 5957 | 85.0 | 1054 | 15.0 | |
2006 | 5235 | 9.7 | 4591 | 87.7 | 644 | 12.3 | |
2007 | 4933 | 9.1 | 4432 | 89.8 | 501 | 10.2 | |
2008 | 5147 | 9.5 | 4458 | 86.6 | 689 | 13.4 | |
2009 | 4380 | 8.1 | 4000 | 91.3 | 380 | 8.7 | |
2010 | 3690 | 6.8 | 3502 | 94.9 | 188 | 5.1 | |
2011 | 4270 | 7.9 | 4103 | 96.1 | 167 | 3.9 | |
2012 | 3751 | 6.9 | 3709 | 98.9 | 42 | 1.1 | |
Total | 54,031 | 100.0 | 47,140 | 87.3 | 6891 | 12.8 |
Variables | Hospitalization Due to Diabetes | ||
---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Management of Chronic Disease | |||
Non-received | 1.00 | - | |
1–3 times per annum | 0.81 | (0.73–0.90) | 0.0001 |
4–6 times per annum | 0.82 | (0.68–0.98) | 0.0248 |
7–9 times per annum | 0.75 | (0.62–0.92) | 0.0054 |
10–12 times per annum | 0.61 | (0.50–0.76) | <0.0001 |
Gender | |||
Male | 1.00 | - | |
Female | 0.70 | (0.67–0.74) | <.0001 |
Income | |||
Low | 1.51 | (1.41–1.61) | <0.0001 |
Middle | 1.13 | (1.07–1.19) | <0.0001 |
High | 1.00 | - | |
Age group | |||
less than 50 | 1.00 | - | |
50 to 59 | 1.48 | (1.38–1.58) | <0.0001 |
60 to 69 | 2.03 | (1.90–2.17) | <0.0001 |
70 or over | 3.29 | (3.06–3.54) | <0.0001 |
Existence of disorder | |||
No | 1.00 | - | |
Yes | 1.46 | (1.35–1.58) | <0.0001 |
Residential area | |||
Capital area | 1.00 | - | |
Metropolitan area | 1.22 | (1.14–1.29) | <0.0001 |
Rural area | 1.41 | (1.34–1.49) | <0.0001 |
Type of insurance | |||
Supporter | 1.00 | - | |
Dependent | 1.04 | (0.99–1.10) | 0.1150 |
Existence of complication | |||
Yes | 1.67 | (1.59–1.75) | <0.0001 |
No | 1.00 | - | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||
None | 1.00 | - | |
One | 1.14 | (1.04–1.25) | 0.0051 |
Two | 1.19 | (1.09–1.31) | 0.0002 |
Three or more | 1.36 | (1.26–1.47) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes onset year | |||
2003 | 1.17 | (0.86–1.61) | 0.3155 |
2004 | 1.06 | (0.77–1.44) | 0.7396 |
2005 | 1.02 | (0.74–1.39) | 0.9261 |
2006 | 0.96 | (0.70–1.32) | 0.8097 |
2007 | 0.91 | (0.66–1.26) | 0.5765 |
2008 | 1.30 | (0.95–1.79) | 0.1021 |
2009 | 1.25 | (0.91–1.73) | 0.1736 |
2010 | 1.07 | (0.76–1.50) | 0.6896 |
2011 | 1.14 | (0.81–1.60) | 0.4665 |
2012 | 1.00 | - |
Variables | Hospitalization Due to Diabetes | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MCD Received | 1–3 Times Per Accum | 4–6 Times Per Accum | 7–9 Times Per Accum | 10–12 Times Per Accum | |||||
HR | HR | p-Value | HR | p-Value | HR | p-Value | HR | p-Value | |
Income * | |||||||||
High | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.0354 | 0.72 | 0.0524 | 0.86 | 0.3656 | 0.69 | 0.0399 |
Middle | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.0007 | 0.92 | 0.5025 | 0.69 | 0.0165 | 0.68 | 0.0179 |
Low | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.1188 | 0.77 | 0.1883 | 0.79 | 0.2827 | 0.46 | 0.0010 |
Gender * | |||||||||
Male | 1.00 | 0.75 | <0.0001 | 0.84 | 0.1317 | 0.66 | 0.0021 | 0.61 | 0.0002 |
Female | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.1300 | 0.76 | 0.0638 | 0.92 | 0.6031 | 0.61 | 0.0056 |
Age group * | |||||||||
less than 50 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.5026 | 0.94 | 0.7243 | 0.89 | 0.5145 | 0.45 | 0.0009 |
50 to 59 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.0059 | 1.00 | 0.9853 | 0.79 | 0.1790 | 0.58 | 0.0073 |
60 to 69 | 1.00 | 0.58 | <0.0001 | 0.61 | 0.0115 | 0.56 | 0.0119 | 0.78 | 0.1615 |
70 or over | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.6613 | 0.60 | 0.0323 | 0.78 | 0.3326 | 0.61 | 0.0792 |
Residential area * | |||||||||
Capital area | 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.0041 | 0.71 | 0.0283 | 0.86 | 0.3341 | 0.58 | 0.0029 |
Metropolitan area | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.1316 | 0.88 | 0.4911 | 0.76 | 0.1579 | 0.63 | 0.0187 |
Rural area | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.0327 | 0.88 | 0.3827 | 0.63 | 0.0155 | 0.64 | 0.0136 |
Existence of complication * | |||||||||
Yes | 1.00 | 0.68 | <0.0001 | 0.57 | 0.0008 | 0.48 | 0.0001 | 0.40 | <0.0001 |
No | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.1325 | 0.98 | 0.8618 | 0.96 | 0.7515 | 0.76 | 0.0317 |
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Lee, S.A.; Kim, W.; Oh, S.S.; Yang, J.; Jang, J.; Park, E.-C. Management of Chronic Disease and Hospitalization Due to Diabetes among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Korea: Using the National Sample Cohort Data 2002–2013. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112541
Lee SA, Kim W, Oh SS, Yang J, Jang J, Park E-C. Management of Chronic Disease and Hospitalization Due to Diabetes among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Korea: Using the National Sample Cohort Data 2002–2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112541
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sang Ah, Woorim Kim, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Jieun Yang, Jieun Jang, and Eun-Cheol Park. 2018. "Management of Chronic Disease and Hospitalization Due to Diabetes among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Korea: Using the National Sample Cohort Data 2002–2013" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112541
APA StyleLee, S. A., Kim, W., Oh, S. S., Yang, J., Jang, J., & Park, E. -C. (2018). Management of Chronic Disease and Hospitalization Due to Diabetes among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Korea: Using the National Sample Cohort Data 2002–2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112541