Patterns of Signs That Telephone Crisis Support Workers Associate with Suicide Risk in Telephone Crisis Line Callers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Signs That Suicidality Might Be Present
1.2. The Role of Pattern Recognition in Identifying the Risk That a Caller Might Be Suicidal
1.3. The Influence of Callers’ Gender When Identifying Suicide Risk
1.4. The Influence of Telephone Crisis Workers’ Own Gender When Identifying Suicide Risk
1.5. The Current Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design
2.2.1. Recruitment
2.2.2. Main Study Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Screening and Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Range | Female | Male | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age | >25 | 10 | 10.2 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 11.0 | 8.0 |
26–35 | 11 | 11.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | |
36–45 | 20 | 20.4 | 4.0 | 10.3 | 24.0 | 17.5 | |
46–55 | 26 | 26.5 | 8.0 | 20.5 | 34.0 | 24.8 | |
56–65 | 21 | 21.4 | 18.0 | 46.2 | 39.0 | 28.5 | |
66< | 10 | 10.2 | 8.0 | 20.5 | 18.0 | 13.1 | |
Home Location | Metropolitan | 61 | 62.2 | 19 | 48.7 | 80 | 58.4 |
Regional | 30 | 30.6 | 15 | 38.5 | 45 | 32.8 | |
Rural/Remote | 7 | 7.1 | 5 | 12.8 | 12 | 8.8 | |
Lived experience of suicide | Yes | 71 | 72.4 | 27 | 69.2 | 98 | 71.5 |
No | 26 | 26.5 | 12 | 30.8 | 38 | 27.7 | |
Prefer not to respond | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.7 | |
Lifeline position | Volunteer | 85 | 86.7 | 31 | 79.5 | 116 | 84.7 |
Employee | 13 | 13.3 | 8 | 20.5 | 21 | 15.3 | |
Years as a TCS | 0–2 years | 52 | 53.1 | 14 | 35.9 | 66 | 48.2 |
3–5 years | 24 | 24.5 | 10 | 25.6 | 34 | 24.8 | |
6–8 years | 9 | 9.2 | 6 | 15.4 | 15 | 10.9 | |
9–11 years | 6 | 6.1 | 4 | 10.3 | 10 | 7.3 | |
12–14 years | 4 | 4.1 | 4 | 10.3 | 8 | 5.8 | |
15 years or longer | 3 | 3.1 | 1 | 2.6 | 4 | 2.9 | |
Shift frequency | More than once per week | 9 | 9.2 | 6 | 15.4 | 15 | 10.9 |
Once per week | 38 | 38.8 | 21 | 53.8 | 59 | 43.1 | |
Once per fortnight | 46 | 46.9 | 12 | 30.8 | 58 | 42.3 | |
Once per month | 4 | 4.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 2.9 | |
Less than once per month | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.7 | |
Shift recency | Less than 1 week ago | 44 | 44.9 | 21 | 53.8 | 65 | 47.4 |
1 week ago | 22 | 22.4 | 6 | 15.4 | 28 | 20.4 | |
2 weeks ago | 15 | 15.3 | 7 | 17.9 | 22 | 16.1 | |
3 weeks ago | 7 | 7.1 | 1 | 2.6 | 8 | 5.8 | |
4 weeks ago | 3 | 3.1 | 3 | 7.7 | 6 | 4.4 | |
More than 4 weeks ago | 7 | 7.1 | 1 | 2.6 | 8 | 5.8 |
Suicide Signs | Loadings | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
Intent to seek revenge | 1.03 | ||
Intense feelings of anger | 0.56 | ||
Recklessness, or engagement in risky activities | 0.45 | ||
Inability to sleep, or sleeps all the time | 0.99 | ||
Agitation or restlessness | 0.80 | ||
Dramatic changes in mood | 0.59 | ||
Future is hopeless | 0.86 | ||
No reason for living | 0.69 | ||
Feels trapped, or stuck like there is no way out | 0.67 | ||
Cronbach’s alpha | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.74 |
Suicide Signs | Loadings | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
Agitation or restlessness | 0.83 | ||
Dramatic changes in mood | 0.78 | ||
Inability to sleep, or sleeps all the time | 0.78 | ||
Withdrawing from friends, family or society | 0.64 | ||
Increased alcohol or drug use | 0.60 | ||
Future is hopeless | 0.83 | ||
No reason for living | 0.66 | ||
Feels trapped, or stuck like there is no way out | 0.61 | ||
Intense feelings of anger | 0.80 | ||
Intent to seek revenge | 0.76 | ||
Cronbach’s alpha | 0.83 | 0.73 | 0.79 |
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Hunt, T.; Wilson, C.; Caputi, P.; Wilson, I.; Woodward, A. Patterns of Signs That Telephone Crisis Support Workers Associate with Suicide Risk in Telephone Crisis Line Callers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020235
Hunt T, Wilson C, Caputi P, Wilson I, Woodward A. Patterns of Signs That Telephone Crisis Support Workers Associate with Suicide Risk in Telephone Crisis Line Callers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(2):235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020235
Chicago/Turabian StyleHunt, Tara, Coralie Wilson, Peter Caputi, Ian Wilson, and Alan Woodward. 2018. "Patterns of Signs That Telephone Crisis Support Workers Associate with Suicide Risk in Telephone Crisis Line Callers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020235
APA StyleHunt, T., Wilson, C., Caputi, P., Wilson, I., & Woodward, A. (2018). Patterns of Signs That Telephone Crisis Support Workers Associate with Suicide Risk in Telephone Crisis Line Callers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020235