Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design of the Study
2.2. Sample Size and Selection Criteria
2.3. Calibration Prior to the Study
2.4. Authorizations
2.5. Material Used
2.6. Data Collection
2.7. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
- I. Professionals, senior managers, and senior technicians;
- II. Other managers, middle-level technicians, and commerce;
- III. Intermediate-level and administrative positions;
- IV (a). Skilled manual workers;
- IV (b). Semi-skilled manual workers;
- V. Unskilled workers;
- “Not classifiable” was the category denoting those without a declared or a wrongly declared profession, wrongly classified, or belonging to the armed forces.
3. Results
3.1. Population Examined
3.2. Wearers of Orthodontic Appliances
3.3. Socio-Economic Status
3.4. Traits of Malocclusion
3.5. Treatment Need: The IOTN-DHC Indices (IOTN Dental Health Component)
3.6. Treatment Need: IOTN-AC Indices (IOTN Aesthetic Component)
3.7. Treatment Need: DAI Index
3.8. Differences between Gender and Socio-Economic Status
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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12 Years Old | 15 Years Old | |
---|---|---|
Overjet/reverse overjet | 3.34 (3.16–3.52) | 2.61 (2.45–2.76) |
Overbite/openbite | 3.52 (3.33–3.71) | 2.88 (2.72–3.05) |
Midline shift | 0.65 (0.56–0.74) | 0.59 (0.50–0.68) |
Incisal crowding 1 segment | 28.8% (25.1–32.7%) | 22.8% (19.2–26.9%) |
Incisal crowding 2 segments | 30.8% (27.0–34.8%) | 22.0% (18.4–26.0%) |
Incisal spacing 1 segment | 17.5% (14.5–20.9%) | 11.6% (8.9–14.8%) |
Incisal spacing 2 segments | 6.1% (4.4–8.5%) | 3.0% (1.8–5.0%) |
Inter-incisal diastema | 0.32 (0.25–0.39) | 0.18 (0.13–0.23) |
Highest maxillary irregularity | 1.61 (1.46–1.77) | 1.20 (1.05–1.36) |
Highest mandibular irregularity | 1.41 (1.30–1.53) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) |
Unilateral posterior cross-bite | 10.4% (8.1–13.3%) | 8.9% (6.6–11.9%) |
Bilateral posterior cross-bite | 2.2% (1.3–3.9%) | 2.4% (1.3–4.2%) |
Molar class II right side | 23.2% (19.8–26.9%) | 20.9% (17.4–24.8%) |
Molar class II left side | 25.5% (21.9–29.3%) | 4.6% (3.2–6.8%) |
Molar class III right side | 5% (3.5–7.2%) | 4.8% (3.2–7.1%) |
Molar class III left side | 23.3% (19.6–27.3%) | 5.4% (3.7–7.9%) |
Canine class II right side | 23.2% (19.8–26.9%) | 18.3% (15.0–22.0%) |
Canine class II left side | 26.2% (22.2–30.7%) | 19.8% (16.4–23.7%) |
Canine class III right side | 5.2% (3.6–7.4%) | 5.2% (3.5–7.6%) |
Canine class III left side | 4.7% (3.2–6.8%) | 6.3% (4.4–8.9%) |
Age Group | |||
---|---|---|---|
12 | 15 | ||
Grade of malocclusion | Grade 1. No treatment need | 20.2% | 37% |
(17.0–23.8%) | (32.7–41.5%) | ||
Grade 2. Little treatment need | 43.6% | 38.4% | |
(39.5–47.8%) | (34.1–43.0%) | ||
Grade 3. Borderline treatment need | 23.6% | 17.6% | |
(20.2–27.3%) | (14.4–21.4%) | ||
Grade 4. Treatment required | 10.6% | 5.9% | |
(8.3–13.5%) | (4.1–8.4%) | ||
Grade 5. Treatment required | 2.0% | 1.1% | |
(1.1–3.6%) | (0.4–2.5%) |
12 Years Old | 15 Years Old | ||
---|---|---|---|
DAI grades | Grade 1: No treatment need/slight treatment need | 52.5% | 66.7% |
(48.3–56.7%) | (62.3–70.9%) | ||
Grade 2: Elective treatment | 17.4% | 12.4% | |
(14.5–20.9%) | (9.7–15.7%) | ||
Grade 3: Highly desirable treatment | 14.9% | 10.5% | |
(12.1–19.1%) | (7.9–13.6%) | ||
Grade 4: Mandatory treatment | 15.2% | 10.4% | |
(12.4–18.5%) | (7.9–13.6%) |
Gender | Socio-Economic Status | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | p-Value | Low | Intermediate | High | p-Value | |||
Treatment need | 12 years old | IOTN-DCH | 14.0% | 11.3% | 0.36 | 18.0% | 9.0% | 12.6% | 0.05 |
(13.3–18.7%) | (8.1–15.6%) | (12.5–25.2%) | (5.9–13.7%) | (8.6–18.1%) | |||||
IOTN-AC | 4.5% | 4.0% | 0.77 | 5.0% | 2.9% | 5.3% | 0.43 | ||
(2.6–7.7%) | (2.3–7.0%) | (2.5–10.0%) | (1.3–6.1%) | (2.9–9.4%) | |||||
DAI | 27.9% | 32.1% | 0.29 | 34.5% | 30.0% | 26.8% | 0.32 | ||
(22.9–33.6%) | (26.9–37.9%) | (27.2–42.8%) | (24.2–36.5%) | (21.0–33.6%) | |||||
15 years old | IOTN-DCH | 8.1% | 5.9% | 0.35 | 7.5% | 8.1% | 5.3% | 0.57 | |
(5.2–12.5%) | (3.6–9.6%) | (3.9–14.2%) | (5.0–12.9%) | (2.8–9.8%) | |||||
IOTN-AC | 0.5% | 1.3% | 0.35 | 2.8% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.04 * | ||
(0.08–2.5%) | (0.4–3.6%) | (1.0–8.0%) | (0.01–3.0%) | (0.0–2.2%) | |||||
DAI | 22.5% | 19.3% | 0.39 | 25.5% | 18.4% | 20.7% | 0.36 | ||
(17.5–28.5%) | (14.8–24.8%) | (18.1–34.5%) | (13.5–24.6%) | (15.3–27.4%) |
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Iranzo-Cortés, J.E.; Montiel-Company, J.M.; Bellot-Arcís, C.; Almerich-Torres, T.; Almerich-Silla, J.M. Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910162
Iranzo-Cortés JE, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Almerich-Torres T, Almerich-Silla JM. Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):10162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910162
Chicago/Turabian StyleIranzo-Cortés, José Enrique, José María Montiel-Company, Carlos Bellot-Arcís, Teresa Almerich-Torres, and José Manuel Almerich-Silla. 2021. "Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19: 10162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910162
APA StyleIranzo-Cortés, J. E., Montiel-Company, J. M., Bellot-Arcís, C., Almerich-Torres, T., & Almerich-Silla, J. M. (2021). Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910162