Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Individuals
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and Obstetric Description
3.2. Pregnancy-Specific Stress Items between Groups
3.3. Pregnancy-Specific Stress Levels among Group 1 and Group 2 in the First, Second and Third Trimester
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1: Face-to-Face Recruitment | Group 2: Online Recruitment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic Variables | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | X2 | |
Country of origin | Spain | 122 (78.71) | 77 (98.72) | α 20.369 ** |
Other counties | 32 (20.65) | 1 (1.28) | ||
Marital status | Married/Co-habiting | 143 (92.26) | 74 (94.87) | α 7.763 |
Single/Separated/Divorced | 12 (7.74) | 4 (5.13) | ||
Employment status | Employed | 105 (67.74) | 52 (66.67) | 0.027 |
Unemployed | 50 (32.26) | 26 (33.33) | ||
Level of education | Primary school | 8 (5.15) | 1 (1.28) | α 14.302 ** |
Secondary School | 78 (50.32) | 22 (28.21) | ||
University | 69 (44.52) | 55 (70.51) | ||
COVID positive | Yes | 6 (3.87) | 0 (0) | α 4.971 |
No | 149 (96.13) | 78 (100) | ||
COVID test | Yes | 7 (4.52) | 0 (0) | α 5.815 |
No | 148 (95.48) | 78 (100) | ||
Relative infected | Yes | 3 (1.94) | 5 (6.41) | 3.096 |
No | 152 (98.06) | 73 (93.59) | ||
Obstetric variables | ||||
Previous miscarriages | Yes | 15 (9.68) | 29 (37.18) | 25.621 ** |
No | 140 (90.32) | 49 (62.82) | ||
Wanted pregnancy | Yes | 125 (80.65) | 61 (78.21) | 0.192 |
No | 30 (19.35) | 17 (21.79) | ||
Type of pregnancy | Natural | 142 (91.61) | 73 (93.59) | 0.284 |
Assisted reprod. technology | 13 (8.39) | 5 (6.41) | ||
Trimester | First | 21 (13.55) | 6 (7.69) | 3.293 |
Second | 46 (29.68) | 31 (39.74) | ||
Third | 88 (56.77) | 41 (52.56) | ||
First pregnancy | Yes | 82 (52.90) | 35 (44.87) | 1.339 |
No | 73 (47.10) | 43 (55.13) |
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Simó, S.; Cajiao-Nieto, J.; Awad-Sirhan, N.V.; Caparros-Gonzalez, R.A. Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114102
Simó S, Cajiao-Nieto J, Awad-Sirhan NV, Caparros-Gonzalez RA. Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114102
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimó, Sandra, Juanita Cajiao-Nieto, Natalia V. Awad-Sirhan, and Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez. 2022. "Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114102
APA StyleSimó, S., Cajiao-Nieto, J., Awad-Sirhan, N. V., & Caparros-Gonzalez, R. A. (2022). Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114102