Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instrument
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Ethical Procedures
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heterosexual | Gay/Lesbian | Bisexual | |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Residence | |||
Rural | 38 (14.2) | 23 (10.9) | 15 (11.5) |
Urban | 226 (84.6) | 188 (89.1) | 116 (88.5) |
Missing | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Religion | |||
Catholic | 57 (21.4) | 28 (13.3) | 14 (10.7) |
Atheist/agnostic | 180 (67.4) | 162 (76.8) | 109 (83.2) |
Other | 14 (5.2) | 13 (6.2) | 5 (3.8) |
Missing | 16 (6.0) | 8 (3.7) | 3 (2.3) |
Age | |||
Mean (SD) | 20.25 (3.24) | 21.14 (3.08) | 20.40 (2.93) |
n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Structural level | 0.632 | ||
Excluded by your peer group at some time | |||
Heterosexual (n = 245) | 52 (21.2%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 201) | 48 (23.9%) | 1.25 (0.78–1.99) | |
Bisexual (n= 118) | 27 (22.9%) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) | |
Individual level | |||
Verbal attacks at school | 0.871 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 262) | 74 (28.2%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 207) | 55 (26.6%) | 1.04 (0.67–1.59) | |
Bisexual (n= 127) | 33 (26.0%) | 0.90 (0.55–1.49) | |
Verbal attacks out of school | 0.000 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 265) | 66 (24.9%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 207) | 88 (42.5%) | 2.38 (1.58–3.59) | |
Bisexual (n= 129) | 40 (31.0%) | 1.36 (0.84–2.21) | |
Physical attacks at school | 0.809 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 265) | 33 (12.5%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 207) | 18 (8.7%) | 0.82 (0.44–1.54) | |
Bisexual (n= 127) | 13 (10.2%) | 0.86 (0.42–1.78) | |
Physical attacks out of school | 0.008 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 94) | 12 (12.8%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n =205) | 53 (25.9%) | 3.02 (1.39–6.56) | |
Bisexual (n= 122) | 23 (18.9%) | 1.98 (0.83–4.46) | |
Cyberbullying | 0.059 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 242) | 51 (21.1%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 198) | 57 (28.8%) | 1.73 (1.10–2.74) | |
Bisexual (n= 124) | 32 (25.8%) | 1.31 (0.77–2.22) |
n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Practice of a sport in school or outside it | 0.002 | ||
Heterosexual (n =253) | 143 (56.6%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 200) | 100 (50.0%) | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | |
Bisexual (n= 121) | 42 (34.7%) | 0.44 (0.28–0.70) | |
Tried drugs and alcohol | 0.145 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 261) | 130 (49.8%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 208) | 125 (60.1%) | 1.39 (0.94–2.05) | |
Bisexual (n= 129) | 79 (61.2%) | 1.44 (0.92–2.26) | |
Smoke | 0.860 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 267) | 59 (22.1%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 210) | 53 (25.2%) | 1.11 (0.72–1.73) | |
Bisexual (n= 130) | 33 (25.4%) | 1.12 (0.68–1.85) | |
Drank alcohol | 0.256 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 266) | 151 (56.8%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 210) | 141 (67.1%) | 1.39 (0.93–2.08) | |
Bisexual (n= 131) | 78 (59.5%) | 1.06 (0.68–1.67) | |
Drug use | 0.258 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 267) | 59 (22.1%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 135) | 59 (28.1%) | 1.21 (0.79–1.86) | |
Bisexual (n= 131) | 41 (31.3%) | 1.50 (0.92–2.42) |
n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Friends support | 0.653 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 82) | 74 (90.2%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 200) | 189 (94.5%) | 1.57 (0.58–4.23) | |
Bisexual (n= 120) | 111 (92.5%) | 1.18 (0.42–3.28) | |
Bisexual (n= 123) | 28 (22.8%) | 1.39 (0.78–2.48) | |
Go out with friends | 0.316 | ||
Heterosexual (n =267) | 224 (83.9%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n =209) | 178 (85.2%) | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) | |
Bisexual (n= 131) | 104 (79.4%) | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | |
Family support | 0.437 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 82) | 47 (57.3%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 187) | 101 (54.0%) | 0.74 (0.42–1.32) | |
Bisexual (n= 122) | 62 (50.8%) | 0.68 (0.37–1.24) | |
Adult support outside the family | 0.349 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 82) | 51 (62.2%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 180) | 109 (60.6%) | 0.73 (0.40–1.32) | |
Bisexual (n= 111) | 61 (55.0%) | 0.63 (0.34–1.18) | |
Involvement in extracurricular activities in school | 0.954 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 209) | 92 (44.0%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 167) | 70 (41.9%) | 1.03 (0.67–1.59) | |
Bisexual (n= 101) | 40 (39.6%) | 0.95 (0.58–1.57) | |
Take part in LGBT associations | 0.000 | ||
Heterosexual (n =73) | 38 (52.1%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 178) | 53 (29.8%) | 0.38 (0.20–0.71) | |
Bisexual (n= 112) | 23 (20.5%) | 0.23 (0.11–0.40) | |
Take part in online LGTB groups | 0.345 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 79) | 35 (44.3%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 206) | 65 (31.6%) | 0.65 (0.36–1.14) | |
Bisexual (n= 126) | 42 (33.3%) | 0.70 (0.37–1.29) |
n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Feeling isolated | 0.000 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 261) | 52 (19.9%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 106) | 42 (39.6%) | 2.80 (1.66–4.71) | |
Bisexual (n= 83) | 41 (49.4%) | 4.03 (2.32–7.00) | |
Ever think about suicide | 0.334 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 257) | 115 (44.7%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 206) | 87 (42.2%) | 1.00 (0.68–1.48) | |
Bisexual (n= 130) | 70 (53.8%) | 1.36 (0.87–2.12) | |
Happy or very happy | 0.724 | ||
Heterosexual (n =247) | 203 (82.2%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n =201) | 166 (82.6%) | 0.94 (0.57–1.58) | |
Bisexual (n = 117) | 92 (78.6%) | 0.79 (0.45–1.40) | |
Psychological health problems (GHQ-12) | 0.911 | ||
Heterosexual (n = 267) | 109 (40.8%) | 1.0 | |
Gay/Lesbian (n = 211) | 83 (39.3%) | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | |
Bisexual (n= 129) | 53 (41.1%) | 0.98 (0.63–1.52) |
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Aparicio-García, M.E.; Díaz-Ramiro, E.M.; Rubio-Valdehita, S.; López-Núñez, M.I.; García-Nieto, I. Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114401
Aparicio-García ME, Díaz-Ramiro EM, Rubio-Valdehita S, López-Núñez MI, García-Nieto I. Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114401
Chicago/Turabian StyleAparicio-García, Marta Evelia, Eva M. Díaz-Ramiro, Susana Rubio-Valdehita, M. Inmaculada López-Núñez, and Isidro García-Nieto. 2022. "Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114401
APA StyleAparicio-García, M. E., Díaz-Ramiro, E. M., Rubio-Valdehita, S., López-Núñez, M. I., & García-Nieto, I. (2022). Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114401