Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Air Inhalation
3.2. Drinking Water
3.3. Cigarette and Marijuana Hash Smoking
3.4. Food
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Annual Radiation Dose (µSv/y) | Percentage Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|
Water | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Air | 8.8 | 2.8 |
Cigarette and marijuana hash smoking | 162 | 52.5 |
Marijuana tea | 14 | 4.7 |
Food | 123 | 40 |
Meat | 43 | 14 |
Cereals, vegetables, fruit | 45 | 14.6 |
Mushrooms | 14 | 4.7 |
Teas (herbal, medical) | 12 | 4 |
Milk | 7 | 2.3 |
Others | 1 | 0.3 |
Total | 309 | 100 |
Intake Route | Annual Intake (Bq/y) | Radiation Dose (µSv/y) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
210Po | 210Pb | 210Po + 210Pb | ||
Air inhalation | 1.63 | 3.08 | 5.4 + 3.4 = 8.8 | [35] |
Cigarette (smoking 1 pack per day) | 35.2 | 38.3 | 116 + 42 = 158 | [21] |
Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) | [11] | |||
hash | 1.02 | 0.20 | 3.4 + 0.2 = 3.6 | |
tea | 10.9 | 2.31 | 13.1 + 1.6 = 14.7 | |
Water | 0.26 | 0.81 | 0.31 + 0.56 = 0.87 | [35,36,37] |
Food | 73.4 | 51.2 | 88 + 35 = 123 | |
Milk | 3.67 | 4.11 | 4.4 + 2.8 = 7.2 | [45] |
Cereals | 8.00 | 9.35 | 9.6 + 6.5 = 16.1 | [45] |
Vegetables | 10.3 | 9.37 | 12.4 + 6.6 = 19.0 | [45] |
Fruit | 2.07 | 10.6 | 2.5 + 7.3 = 9.8 | [45] |
Meat | 31.60 | 7.63 | 38 + 5 = 43 | [45] |
- Pork | 4.16 | 4.41 | 5.0 + 3.0 = 8.0 | [45] |
- Beef | 1.59 | 1.54 | 1.9 + 1.1 = 3.0 | [45] |
- Fish | 25.85 | 1.68 | 31.0 + 1.2 = 32.2 | unpublished data |
Mushrooms | 6.30 | 9.15 | 7.6 + 6.4 = 14.0 | [46] |
Honey | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 + 0.02 = 0.07 | [47,48] |
Herbal teas | 9.45 | - | 11.3 | [49] |
Medical herbs | 1.47 | - | 1.0 | [50] |
Alcohol | ||||
- Wine | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.26 + 0.31 = 0.57 | unpublished data |
- Beer | 0.31 | 0.52 | 0.37 + 0.36 = 0.73 | [42] |
Total | 122.4 | 95.9 | 226 + 83 = 309 |
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Boryło, A.; Skwarzec, B.; Wieczorek, J. Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041984
Boryło A, Skwarzec B, Wieczorek J. Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041984
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoryło, Alicja, Bogdan Skwarzec, and Jarosław Wieczorek. 2022. "Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041984
APA StyleBoryło, A., Skwarzec, B., & Wieczorek, J. (2022). Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041984