Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Experimental Design
2.2. Fine Root Sampling
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Root Biomass and Necromass
3.2. Fine Root Production and Turnover
3.3. Fine Root Morphology
4. Discussion
4.1. Fine Root Biomass and Necromass
4.2. Fine Root Production and Turnover
4.3. Fine Root Morphology
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stand Age | Average Diameter at Breast Height (cm) | Average Tree Height (m) | Canopy Density | Stand Density (Stem·ha) | Slope (°) | Aspect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 2440 | 28 | north |
17 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 1.0 | 1825 | 25 | northeast |
25 | 17.1 | 16 | 0.9 | 1917 | 27 | northeast |
Fixed Effects | df | SS | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fine root biomass (g m−2) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.10 | 5.86 | 0.0030 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 1.51 | 58.91 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 0.40 | 15.70 | <0.0001 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.4607 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 0.4688 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.11 | 1.47 | 0.1551 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.10 | 0.67 | 0.8400 |
Fine root necromass (g m−2) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.64 | 11.50 | <0.0001 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 1.48 | 17.88 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 5.77 | 69.54 | <0.0001 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.9852 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.76 | 4.55 | 0.0002 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.20 | 0.81 | 0.6063 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.62 | 1.24 | 0.2214 |
Understory root biomass (g m−2) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 35.28 | 273.46 | <0.0001 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 10.29 | 53.19 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 1.21 | 6.26 | 0.0003 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 2.29 | 5.91 | <0.0001 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.71 | 1.85 | 0.0873 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.52 | 0.90 | 0.5264 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.9445 |
Fine root length (km m−2) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.73 | 7.93 | 0.0004 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 8.03 | 58.53 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 1.40 | 10.23 | <0.0001 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.36 | 1.31 | 0.2519 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.49 | 1.79 | 0.0991 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.80 | 1.94 | 0.0430 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 0.9175 |
Fine root surface area (m2 m−2) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.44 | 7.59 | 0.0005 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 5.11 | 58.32 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 1.15 | 13.07 | <0.0001 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.16 | 0.88 | 0.5058 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.28 | 1.62 | 0.1388 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.47 | 1.77 | 0.0705 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.35 | 0.67 | 0.8388 |
Specific root length (m g−1) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.03 | 1.42 | 0.2428 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 0.18 | 5.98 | 0.0005 |
Season | 3, 765 | 0.20 | 6.51 | 0.0002 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.14 | 2.26 | 0.0361 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.08 | 1.32 | 0.2455 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.14 | 1.51 | 0.1402 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.19 | 1.03 | 0.4246 |
Root density (g cm−3) | ||||
Age | 2, 51 | 0.04 | 13.23 | <0.0001 |
Depth | 3, 765 | 0.05 | 12.59 | <0.0001 |
Season | 3, 765 | 0.02 | 5.92 | 0.0005 |
Age × Depth | 6, 765 | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.5447 |
Age × Season | 6, 765 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.8467 |
Depth × Season | 9, 765 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.7825 |
Age × depth × season | 18, 765 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.4729 |
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Pei, Y.; Lei, P.; Xiang, W.; Ouyang, S.; Xu, Y. Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072280
Pei Y, Lei P, Xiang W, Ouyang S, Xu Y. Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072280
Chicago/Turabian StylePei, Yameng, Pifeng Lei, Wenhua Xiang, Shuai Ouyang, and Yiye Xu. 2018. "Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072280
APA StylePei, Y., Lei, P., Xiang, W., Ouyang, S., & Xu, Y. (2018). Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China. Sustainability, 10(7), 2280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072280