An Investigation of Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030 to Incentivise Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Problem Statement
1.2. Significance of the Study
1.3. Research Aims and Objectives
1.4. Objectives
2. Literature Review
2.1. Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030
2.2. Advancement in Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries
2.3. Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme in Improving Non-Oil Industries
3. Research Gap
4. Research Methodology
4.1. Population and Sample Process
4.2. Sampling Technique
4.3. Filtering Strategy
4.4. Data Collection Procedures
4.5. Process of Findings
4.6. Measurement of Variables
5. Results
5.1. Demographic Details
5.2. Hypothesis 1
5.2.1. Descriptive Test
5.2.2. Regression Test
5.2.3. Chi-Square Test
5.3. Hypothesis 2
5.3.1. Descriptive Test
5.3.2. Regression Test
5.3.3. Chi-Square Test
5.4. Hypothesis 3
5.4.1. Descriptive Test
5.4.2. Regression Test
5.4.3. Chi-Square Test
6. Discussion and Conclusions
6.1. Discussion
6.2. Theoretical Contribution of the Study
6.3. Implication of the Study
6.4. Conclusions
6.5. Research Limitation
6.6. Future Scope
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Survey Question
Demographic 1. What is your age? 18–20 years 20–25 years More than 30 years 2. What is your gender? Male Female 3. What is your highest education? Higher Secondary Graduation Post-graduation Dependent Variable 4. Is this reform program will help oil-independent industry growth? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 5. Does the financial support is important for success of the reform program? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Independent Variables 6. Does government have enough role in improving incentivised investment? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 7. Is the incentivised investment is important for the betterment of the Vision-2030? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 8. Does the innovation in incentivised investment is important for financial aspect? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 9. Does Vision-2030 can help in improving economic growth? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 10. Does the strategic planning is important for economic growth of Saudi Arabia? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 11. Does the support from stakeholders helps in maintaining economic growth? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 12. Is economic growth is beneficial for the reduction in non-oil dependency of the country? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 13. Does availability of capital is important for success of Vision-2030? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 14. Does stakeholders are important for capital management? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 15. Does the capital management require proper planning by the government? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree |
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Variables | Main Findings | References |
---|---|---|
Independent Industry Growth | Independent industry growth refers to the growth of the economy besides its average rate | [1] |
Betterment of the Vision | Vision refers to the aim or objectives toward which any country or the reform within the country works | [8] |
Incentivised Investment | Incentivised investment is the establishment of government policy that works on encouraging businesses to expand or grow | [12] |
Strategic Planning | Strategic planning can refer to the strategies of the leaders within any country for defining the future aim | [19] |
Financial Support | Financial support is the monetary support that helps any organization or any economy to continue | [24] |
Economic Growth | Economic growth defines the increment in the quality or the number of economic goods | [5] |
Statistics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Gender | Highest Education | ||
N | Valid | 225 | 225 | 225 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean | 1.66 | 1.41 | 2.08 | |
Median | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | |
Mode | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
Std. Deviation | 0.621 | 0.493 | 0.865 | |
Variance | 0.385 | 0.243 | 0.749 | |
Skewness | 0.379 | 0.373 | −0.147 | |
Std. Error of Skewness | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.162 | |
Kurtosis | −0.657 | −1.878 | −1.653 | |
Std. Error of Kurtosis | 0.323 | 0.323 | 0.323 | |
Range | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
Minimum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Maximum | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
Sum | 374 | 317 | 467 |
Statistics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent_Industry_Growth | Incentivised_Investment | Betterment_of_the_Vision | ||
N | Valid | 225 | 225 | 225 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.42 | |
Median | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | |
Mode | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Std. Deviation | 0.436 | 0.793 | 0.494 | |
Variance | 0.190 | 0.629 | 0.244 | |
Skewness | −1.142 | 1.304 | 0.336 | |
Std. Error of Skewness | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.162 | |
Kurtosis | −0.702 | 2.057 | −1.904 | |
Std. Error of Kurtosis | 0.323 | 0.323 | 0.323 | |
Range | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
Minimum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Maximum | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
Sum | 393 | 410 | 319 |
Model Summary b | ||||||||||||||||
Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R Square | Std. Error of the Estimate | Change Statistics | |||||||||||
R Square Change | F Change | df1 | df2 | Sig. F Change | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.362 a | 0.131 | 0.123 | 0.408 | 0.131 | 16.768 | 2 | 222 | 0.000 | |||||||
a Predictors: (Constant), Betterment_of_the_Vision, Incentivised_Investment | ||||||||||||||||
b Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth | ||||||||||||||||
ANOVA a | ||||||||||||||||
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||||||||||
1 | Regression | 5.585 | 2 | 2.793 | 16.768 | 0.000 b | ||||||||||
Residual | 36.975 | 222 | 0.167 | |||||||||||||
Total | 42.560 | 224 | ||||||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth | ||||||||||||||||
b Predictors: (Constant), Betterment_of_the_Vision, Incentivised_Investment | ||||||||||||||||
Coefficients a | ||||||||||||||||
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | ||||||||||||
B | Std. Error | Beta | ||||||||||||||
1 | (Constant) | 1.425 | 0.090 | 15.831 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
Incentivised_Investment | 0.207 | 0.037 | 0.377 | 5.567 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
Betterment_of_the_Vision | −0.040 | 0.060 | −0.045 | −0.665 | 0.507 | |||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth |
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-Sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 38.676 a | 2 | 0.000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 40.858 | 2 | 0.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 29.009 | 1 | 0.000 |
N of Valid Cases | 225 |
Statistics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Financial_Support | Economic_Growth | Strategic_Planning | ||
N | Valid | 225 | 225 | 225 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean | 1.34 | 1.91 | 1.59 | |
Median | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |
Mode | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
Std. Deviation | 0.474 | 0.858 | 0.494 | |
Variance | 0.225 | 0.737 | 0.244 | |
Skewness | 0.691 | 0.950 | −0.354 | |
Std. Error of Skewness | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.162 | |
Kurtosis | −1.537 | 0.542 | −1.891 | |
Std. Error of Kurtosis | 0.323 | 0.323 | 0.323 | |
Range | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
Minimum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Maximum | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
Sum | 301 | 429 | 357 |
Model Summary b | |||||||||||||||||
Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R Square | Std. Error of the Estimate | Change Statistics | ||||||||||||
R Square Change | F Change | df1 | df2 | Sig. F Change | |||||||||||||
1 | 0.326 a | 0.106 | 0.098 | 0.450 | 0.106 | 13.206 | 2 | 222 | 0.000 | ||||||||
a Predictors: (Constant), Strategic_Planning, Economic_Growth. | |||||||||||||||||
b Dependent Variable: Financial_Support. | |||||||||||||||||
ANOVA a | |||||||||||||||||
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | ||||||||||||
1 | Regression | 5.351 | 2 | 2.676 | 13.206 | 0.000 b | |||||||||||
Residual | 44.978 | 222 | 0.203 | ||||||||||||||
Total | 50.329 | 224 | |||||||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Financial_Support. | |||||||||||||||||
b Predictors: (Constant), Strategic_Planning, Economic_Growth. | |||||||||||||||||
Coefficients a | |||||||||||||||||
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | |||||||||||||
B | Std. Error | Beta | |||||||||||||||
1 | (Constant) | 0.840 | 0.108 | 7.744 | 0.000 | ||||||||||||
Economic_Growth | 0.130 | 0.037 | 0.236 | 3.532 | 0.001 | ||||||||||||
Strategic_Planning | 0.158 | 0.064 | 0.164 | 2.460 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Financial_Support. |
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-Sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 99.863 a | 3 | 0.000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 132.568 | 3 | 0.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 18.361 | 1 | 0.000 |
N of Valid Cases | 225 |
Statistics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent_Industry_Growth | Stakeholders_Importance | Proper_Planning_of_Government | ||
N | Valid | 225 | 225 | 225 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean | 1.75 | 1.74 | 1.99 | |
Median | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |
Mode | 2 | 2 | 1 a | |
Std. Deviation | 0.436 | 0.822 | 1.217 | |
Variance | 0.190 | 0.676 | 1.482 | |
Skewness | −1.142 | 1.395 | 1.380 | |
Std. Error of Skewness | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.162 | |
Kurtosis | −0.702 | 1.971 | 0.875 | |
Std. Error of Kurtosis | 0.323 | 0.323 | 0.323 | |
Range | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
Minimum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Maximum | 2 | 4 | 5 | |
Sum | 393 | 391 | 448 |
Model Summary b | ||||||||||||||||||||
Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R Square | Std. Error of the Estimate | Change Statistics | |||||||||||||||
R Square Change | F Change | df1 | df2 | Sig. F Change | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 0.554 a | 0.307 | 0.300 | 0.365 | 0.307 | 49.059 | 2 | 222 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
a Predictors: (Constant), Proper_Planning_of_Government, Stakeholders_Importance | ||||||||||||||||||||
b Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth | ||||||||||||||||||||
ANOVA a | ||||||||||||||||||||
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||||||||||||||
1 | Regression | 13.045 | 2 | 6.522 | 49.059 | 0.000 b | ||||||||||||||
Residual | 29.515 | 222 | 0.133 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | 42.560 | 224 | ||||||||||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth | ||||||||||||||||||||
b Predictors: (Constant), Proper_Planning_of_Government, Stakeholders_Importance | ||||||||||||||||||||
Coefficients a | ||||||||||||||||||||
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | ||||||||||||||||
B | Std. Error | Beta | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | (Constant) | 1.148 | 0.069 | 16.563 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||||
Stakeholders_Importance | 0.150 | 0.030 | 0.284 | 5.080 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||||
Proper_Planning_of_Government | 0.170 | 0.020 | 0.473 | 8.470 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||||
a Dependent Variable: Independent_Industry_Growth |
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-Sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 21.058 a | 2 | 0.000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 24.822 | 2 | 0.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 18.459 | 1 | 0.000 |
N of Valid Cases | 225 |
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Share and Cite
Alam, F.; Alam, S.; Asif, M.; Hani, U.; Khan, M.N. An Investigation of Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030 to Incentivise Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065357
Alam F, Alam S, Asif M, Hani U, Khan MN. An Investigation of Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030 to Incentivise Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065357
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam, Firoz, Shahid Alam, Mohammad Asif, Umme Hani, and Mohd Naved Khan. 2023. "An Investigation of Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030 to Incentivise Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065357
APA StyleAlam, F., Alam, S., Asif, M., Hani, U., & Khan, M. N. (2023). An Investigation of Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030 to Incentivise Investment in the Country’s Non-Oil Industries. Sustainability, 15(6), 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065357