Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Model
2.1. Hydraulics Model
2.1.1. Governing Equation
2.1.2. Turbulence Model
2.2. Riverbed Deformation Model
2.2.1. Sediment Incipient Motion
2.2.2. Sediment Transport
2.2.3. Sediment Scour Model
- Sediment entrainment and sedimentation calculation
- 2.
- Bed-load transport equation
3. Model Validation
3.1. Verification Conditions
3.2. Computational Domain and Grid Information
3.3. Numerical Solutions and Boundary Conditions
3.4. Validation Results
4. Characteristic Quantity Analysis
4.1. Pier-Side Vortex Effect
4.2. Bed Surface Shear Stress
5. Example Analysis
5.1. Scouring Terrain Feature Pattern
5.2. Scale Relationship of the Scour Hole Structure
5.3. Time Scale of Scouring Characteristics
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The local scouring caused by ice cover contributes to the total scouring around the submerged pier within its coverage area, significantly increasing the depth and extent of the local scouring holes. For the local scouring under open-flow conditions, the sediment initiation is doubly inhibited and the hydrodynamic forces in the scouring holes are weakened; compared with the two types of scouring environments, the relative maximum equilibrium scouring depth under ice-cover conditions is 11% deeper than that under open-flow conditions, and the relative maximum scouring hole radius is widened by 5%.
- (2)
- The local scour simulation results show that the three-dimensional morphology of scour holes under two types of scour conditions are symmetrically similar, and the back row of piers is affected by the shading and reinforcement effect of the front row of piers. The development of scour holes around the piers lags behind that of the front row of piers, and the scour holes before and after the equilibrium stage are in a coherent shape, which is basically consistent with the shape of scour holes in the physical model test. This proves the reliability of the numerical simulation and the application of the present research in environmental and engineering aspects.
- (3)
- The transport of sediment particles in the scour hole is the cause of local scouring around the pier, whereas the interaction between the vortex and shear stress on the pier side is the main dynamic mechanism of scouring around the pier. The characteristic quantity analysis shows that the maximum mean vortex increase ratio of the vertical line is approximately 3% and the maximum shear stress increase ratio is approximately 6% under the ice-cover condition compared with the open-flow condition at the same time, and the two have a strong correlation, which helps to deepen the understanding of the scouring mechanism by quantifying the influence of the vortex and shear stress on the development of scouring holes.
- (4)
- The formula for calculating the scour depth is obtained by regression fitting on the basis of considering different scour environment factors, and is verified by using hydraulic model test data. This proves its reliability and accuracy and its suitability for the prediction of local scour depth of bridge piers in wide pier and shallow flow type riverbeds. It can be used as a reference application for the selected field prototype bridge piers.
- (5)
- Different scour forms in natural riverbeds often occur simultaneously and affect each other. This paper only simulated and analyzed the local scour of bridge piers under flat-bed conditions, and more numerical simulations may be conducted in the future to provide more solutions for the sustainable development of engineering environment, and thus, subsequent studies will focus on the coupling relationship between relevant characteristic quantities under sand-wave-bed scour conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Gao, P.; Mou, X.; Ji, H. Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097171
Gao P, Mou X, Ji H. Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097171
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Pengcheng, Xianyou Mou, and Honglan Ji. 2023. "Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097171
APA StyleGao, P., Mou, X., & Ji, H. (2023). Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers. Sustainability, 15(9), 7171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097171