Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients Characteristics
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Outcome
3.3. Overall Survival in Patients ≥ 18 Months at Diagnosis Significantly Improved
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Control N (%) | IT N (%) | Total N (%) | Sig (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.76 | |||
<18 months | 6 (16) | 6 (13) | 12 (14) | |
≥18 months | 31 (84) | 41 (87) | 72 (86) | |
INSS stage | NA | |||
3 | 3 (8) | 3(6) | 6(7) | |
4 | 34 (92) | 44 (94) | 78 (93) | |
Histology | 0.43 | |||
Undifferentiated | 6 (19) | 11 (28) | 17 (24) | |
Poorly differentiated | 18 (58) | 24 (62) | 42 (60) | |
Differentiating | 6 (19) | 4 (10) | 10 (14) | |
GNB nodular | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
Unknown | 6 | 8 | 14 | |
MYCN | NA | |||
Not-amplified | 19 (61) | 27 (61) | 46 (61) | |
Amplified | 12 (39) | 17 (39) | 29 (39) | |
Unknown | 6 | 3 | 9 | |
Response prior to ASCT | 0.40 | |||
CR | 21 (57) | 22 (47) | 43 (51) | |
VGPR | 2 (5) | 7 (15) | 9 (11) | |
PR | 14 (38) | 18 (38) | 32 (38) | |
Induction protocol | 0.35 | |||
DCOG NBL2004 | 23 (62) | 34 (72) | 57 (68) | |
POG9640 | 14 (38) | 13 (28) | 27 (32) |
Author | Yu [3,14] | Simon [26,27] | Ladenstein [28] | Ozkaynak [24] | Ladenstein [29] | Tas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2010/2021 | 2004/2011 | 2020 | 2018 | 2018 | Current study |
Study group | COG | GPOH | SIOPEN | COG | SIOPEN | DCOG |
Comparison to control group | Randomized | historical controls | historical controls | only IT | only IT | historical controls |
Induction and minimal response | ||||||
Induction treatment | COG A3973 | GPOH NB97 | Rapid Cojec | not reported | rapid COJEC | POG9640/DCOG NBL2004 |
Minimal response | VGPR | NR | PR | PR | PR | PR |
Immunotherapy group | ||||||
n | 113 | 166 | 378 | 105 | 206/200a | 47 |
HD chemotherapy | CEM | CEM/N7 courses | BuMel | CEM | CEM/BuMel | CEM |
radiotherapy | all patients | MIBG avid masses | all patients | all patients | all patients | all patients |
antibody | ch14.18 | ch14.18/CHO | ch14.18/CHO | ch14.18 | ch14.18/CHO | ch14.18 |
IL2 | iv | no | sc/noa | iv | sc/noa | iv |
GM-CSF | sc or iv | no | no | sc or iv | no | sc |
RA | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Non-immunotherapy group | ||||||
n | 113 | 69 | 466 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
HD chemotherapy | CEM | CEM/N7 courses | CEM/BuMel | NA | NA | CEM |
radiotherapy | all patients | MIBG avid masses | all patients | NA | NA | MIBG avid masses |
RA | yes | no | yes | NA | NA | yes |
Reported EFS and OS | ||||||
EFS | 2, 5yr | 2, 3, 5, 9yr | 5yr | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5yr | 3, 5yr | 2, 5yr |
OS | 2, 5yr | 2, 3, 5, 9yr | 5yr | 1, 2, 3, 4yr | 3, 5yr | 2, 5yr |
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Tas, M.L.; Dootjes, L.W.; Fiocco, M.; de Krijger, R.R.; Dierselhuis, M.P.; van Eijkelenburg, N.K.A.; van Grotel, M.; Kraal, K.C.J.M.; Peek, A.M.L.; Tytgat, G.A.M.; et al. Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis. Cancers 2021, 13, 4941. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194941
Tas ML, Dootjes LW, Fiocco M, de Krijger RR, Dierselhuis MP, van Eijkelenburg NKA, van Grotel M, Kraal KCJM, Peek AML, Tytgat GAM, et al. Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis. Cancers. 2021; 13(19):4941. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194941
Chicago/Turabian StyleTas, Michelle L., Lisa W. Dootjes, Marta Fiocco, Ronald R. de Krijger, Miranda P. Dierselhuis, Natasha K. A. van Eijkelenburg, Martine van Grotel, Kathelijne C. J. M. Kraal, Annemarie M. L. Peek, Godelieve A. M. Tytgat, and et al. 2021. "Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis" Cancers 13, no. 19: 4941. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194941
APA StyleTas, M. L., Dootjes, L. W., Fiocco, M., de Krijger, R. R., Dierselhuis, M. P., van Eijkelenburg, N. K. A., van Grotel, M., Kraal, K. C. J. M., Peek, A. M. L., Tytgat, G. A. M., & van Noesel, M. M. (2021). Anti-GD2 Based Immunotherapy Prevents Late Events in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients over 18 Months at Diagnosis. Cancers, 13(19), 4941. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194941