Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812

Chua, Brandon; Lim, Li Min; Ng, Joseph Soon Yau; Ma, Yan; Wee, Hwee Lin; Caro, J. Jaime

doi:10.3390/cancers15184658

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812

by

Brandon Chua

^1,2

,

Li Min Lim

³,

Joseph Soon Yau Ng

³

,

Yan Ma

²,

Hwee Lin Wee

^1,4,* and

J. Jaime Caro

^1,5,6,7

¹

Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore

²

Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Becton Dickinson Holdings Pte. Ltd., 2 International Business Park Road, The Strategy #08-08, Singapore 609930, Singapore

³

Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore

⁴

Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore

⁵

School of Global and Population Health, McGill University, Suite 1200, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada

⁶

Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK

⁷

Evidera, 500 Totten Pond Rd., Waltham, MA 02451, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Cancers 2023, 15(18), 4658; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184658

Submission received: 25 July 2023 / Accepted: 8 August 2023 / Published: 21 September 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Screening in Gynaecological Cancers)

Download Versions Notes

The authors wish to revise two words in Table 1 row 3, and the first paragraph of Section 2.3 of this article [1] that were overlooked in the final proofreading.

Table 1 row 3: “follow-up adherence” should be read as “follow-up non-adherence”; Section 2.3: the gross domestic product per capita in Singapore in 2021 should read “SGD 97,798” instead of “USD 97,798”.

This is the corrected paragraph:

Table 1. Inputs for the model.

Input	Base Case	Lower Limit	Upper Limit	Distribution	Reference
Number eligible	1,037,598	-	-	-	[27,28]
Screening coverage	48.2%	45.8%	50.7%	Beta	[30]
Follow-up non-adherence *	25.0%	0%	40%	-	[28] ^†
Clinical inputs
hrHPV
Prevalence	9.2%	7.9%	10.5%	Beta	[28]
% non-HPV16/18	80.8%	70.3%	83.0%	Beta	[28]
% Group B	56.6%	51.0%	61.0%	Beta	[41]
% NILM	56.1%	-	-	-	[42]
ASCUS among:
Group B	31.8%	-	-	-	[42]
Group A	40.6%	-	-	-	[42]
CIN1 regressing in 1 year	60.0%	45.0%	73.0%	Beta	[43]
Cancers among:
CIN2+ diagnosis	2.6%	2.3%	2.9%	Beta	[44]
CIN2+ of Group B with ASCUS	2.6%	0.0%	10.0%	-	[44,45,46,47]
CIN2+ risk with:
Group B with ASCUS	6.1%	2.6%	9.5%	Beta	[45,46,47,48]
Group A with ASCUS	14.2%	-	-	-	[48]
HPV16/18	21.9%	-	-	-	[48]
Non-HPV16/18 with LSIL+	16.4%	-	-	-	[48]
PSGI at repeat screening	57.1%	54.2%	60.1%	Beta	[49,50,51]
hrHPV 1 yr persistence	43.3%	41.8%	44.8%	Beta	[52]
HSIL/ASC-H 1 year post CIN1/negative for CIN	6.7%	5.7%	7.7%	Beta	[53]
ASCUS+/HPV+ 2 years post CIN1/negative for CIN	15.4%	13.8%	17.1%	Beta	[28]
Proportion stage I cancer	40.8%	-	-	-	[54]
Proportion stage II cancer	24.4%	-	-	-	[54]
Proportion stage III cancer	18.1%	-	-	-	[54]
Proportion stage IV cancer	16.7%	-	-	-	[54]
10-year cancer survival	45.4%	-	-	-	[40]
XGT repeat screenings	2	1	5	-	^†
Annualized CIN2+ risk for
HPV genotype persistence
Same	5.7%	-	-	-	[55]
Change	1.9%	-	-	-	[55]
Regardless of genotype	3.3%	-	-	-	[55]
Multiplier for CIN2+ risk	1	0.7	1.38	Normal	^†
Annualized CIN2+ risk for CIN1/negative for CIN
1 negative pap smear	1.1%	-	-	-	[56]
ASCUS/LSIL upon follow-up	2.1%	-	-	-	[56]
ASC-H upon follow-up	5.3%	-	-	-	[56]
HSIL+ upon follow-up	3.4%	-	-	-	[56]
Cost inputs SGD (USD)
Clinic visit	75 (89)	37 (44)	113 (134)	Normal	[34]
Cytology	79 (94)	39 (46)	119 (141)	Normal	[34]
HPV DNA (PGT)	115 (137)	57 (68)	173 (206)	Normal	[34]
CIN2/3 treatment	3662 (4354)	1832 (2178)	5492 (6530)	Normal	[34]
Colposcopy	350 (416)	174 (207)	526 (625)	Normal	[34]
Biopsy	500 (595)	250 (297)	750 (892)	Normal	[34]
Colposcopies with biopsies	8%	-	-	-	^†
Stage I cancer treatment	28,350 (33,710)	14,176 (16,856)	42,524 (50,564)	-	[34]
Stage II cancer treatment	34,568 (41,103)	17,284 (20,552)	51,852 (61,655)	-	[34]
Stage III cancer treatment	34,568 (41,103)	17,284 (20,552)	51,852 (61,655)	-	[34]
Stage IV cancer line 1 treatment	43,016 (51,149)	21,508 (25,574)	64,524 (76,723)	-	[34]
Stage IV cancer line 2 treatment	75,552 (89,836)	37,776 (44,918)	113,328 (134,754)	-	[34]
Cancer treatment ^‡	37,227 (44,265)	29,781 (35,412)	44,672 (53,118)	Normal	Calculated
XGT cost factor	1.15	1.00	1.30	-	^†
Utility
Screening	0.980	0.970	0.990	-	[34]
Colposcopy normal results	0.950	0.924	0.976	-	[34]
CIN1	0.910	0.888	0.954	-	[34]
CIN2/3	0.870	0.804	0.936	-	[34]
Cancer Stage I	0.650	0.490	0.810	-	[34]
Cancer Stage II/III	0.560	0.420	0.700	-	[34]
Cancer Stage IV	0.480	0.360	0.600	-	[34]
Cancer stage I survivor	0.970	0.730	0.990	-	[34]
Cancer stage II/III survivor	0.900	0.680	0.990	-	[34]
Cancer stage IV survivor	0.620	0.470	0.780	-	[34]
QALY loss
Screening	0.000769	0.000384	0.00115	Normal	Calculated
CIN1 or negative for CIN1	0.00538	0.00269	0.00723	Normal	Calculated
CIN2/3	0.0200	0.00985	0.0302	Normal	Calculated
Cancer treatment ^‡	0.0930	0.0640	0.121	Normal	Calculated
Average lifetime QALY loss for cancer ^‡	18.7	14.9	22.4	Normal	Calculated

* repeat screening, post-colposcopy for CIN1/negative for CIN; † assumption; ‡ weighted by stage. Abbreviations: ASCUS: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; ASC-H: atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; CIN: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; hrHPV: human papillomavirus genotypes; HSIL: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; PGT: HPV partial genotyping; NILM: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy; XGT: HPV extended genotyping.

The total cost and QALY loss with XGT were compared to PGT. The difference in costs divided by the difference in QALY loss provided the incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER). All costs and QALY losses were discounted at 3.0% annually, in line with ACE recommendations [57]. The cost-effectiveness threshold was taken as SGD 100,000 (USD 118,906), comparable to the gross domestic product per capita in Singapore in 2021 (SGD 97,798) [58].

The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original article has been updated.

Reference

Chua, B.; Lim, L.M.; Ng, J.S.Y.; Ma, Y.; Wee, H.L.; Caro, J.J. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chua, B.; Lim, L.M.; Ng, J.S.Y.; Ma, Y.; Wee, H.L.; Caro, J.J. Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812. Cancers 2023, 15, 4658. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184658

AMA Style

Chua B, Lim LM, Ng JSY, Ma Y, Wee HL, Caro JJ. Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812. Cancers. 2023; 15(18):4658. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184658

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chua, Brandon, Li Min Lim, Joseph Soon Yau Ng, Yan Ma, Hwee Lin Wee, and J. Jaime Caro. 2023. "Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812" Cancers 15, no. 18: 4658. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184658

APA Style

Chua, B., Lim, L. M., Ng, J. S. Y., Ma, Y., Wee, H. L., & Caro, J. J. (2023). Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812. Cancers, 15(18), 4658. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184658

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Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. Cancers 2023, 15, 1812

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