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Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/cryst15020133
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Defect Pinning and Critical Current of Magnetic Vortex Cluster in Mesoscopic Type-1.5 Superconductors

by
Guo Wang
1,
Tianyi Han
1,
Jie Li
1,
Jiangning Zhang
2 and
Hai Huang
2,*
1
School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2
Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2025, 15(2), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020133
Submission received: 30 December 2024 / Revised: 20 January 2025 / Accepted: 22 January 2025 / Published: 25 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Crystalline Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Based on two-band time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory, we study the electromagnetic properties of mesoscopic type-1.5 superconductors with different defect configurations. We perform numerical simulations with the finite element method, and give direct evidence for the existence of a vortex cluster phase in the presence of nonmagnetic impurity. In addition, we also investigate the depinning critical current of the magnetic vortex cluster induced by the isotropic or anisotropic defect structure under the external current. Our theoretical results thus indicate that the diversity of impurity deposition has a significant influence on the semi-Meissner state in type-1.5 superconductors.
Keywords: time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory; finite element method; vortex cluster phase; type-1.5 superconductor time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory; finite element method; vortex cluster phase; type-1.5 superconductor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, G.; Han, T.; Li, J.; Zhang, J.; Huang, H. Defect Pinning and Critical Current of Magnetic Vortex Cluster in Mesoscopic Type-1.5 Superconductors. Crystals 2025, 15, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020133

AMA Style

Wang G, Han T, Li J, Zhang J, Huang H. Defect Pinning and Critical Current of Magnetic Vortex Cluster in Mesoscopic Type-1.5 Superconductors. Crystals. 2025; 15(2):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020133

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Guo, Tianyi Han, Jie Li, Jiangning Zhang, and Hai Huang. 2025. "Defect Pinning and Critical Current of Magnetic Vortex Cluster in Mesoscopic Type-1.5 Superconductors" Crystals 15, no. 2: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020133

APA Style

Wang, G., Han, T., Li, J., Zhang, J., & Huang, H. (2025). Defect Pinning and Critical Current of Magnetic Vortex Cluster in Mesoscopic Type-1.5 Superconductors. Crystals, 15(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020133

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