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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/agronomy15020329
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in Ibiza and Formentera: A Comprehensive Study of Insect Vectors and Transmission Dynamics

by
Miquel Llompart
1,2,*,
Josep Cifre
2,
Diego Olmo
3,
Andreu Juan
4,
Francesc Castellà
5,
Sergio Jiménez
6 and
Jordi Sabaté
1
1
Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Ctra. Cabrils, km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
2
Enginyeria Agronòmica i Sostenibilitat de Sistemes Agraris, Departament d’Enginyeria Industrial i Construcció, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
3
Institut de Recerca i Formació Agroalimentària i Pesquera de les Illes Balears, C/ d’Eusebi Estada, 145, 07009 Palma, Spain
4
Servei d’Agricultura, Conselleria d’Agricultura, Pesca i Medi Natural, C/ de la Reina Constança, 4, 07006 Palma, Spain
5
Consell Insular d’Eivissa, Av. d'Espanya, 49, 07800 Eivissa, Spain
6
Consell Insular de Formentera, Plaça de la Constitució, 1, 07860 Formentera, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2025, 15(2), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020329
Submission received: 19 November 2024 / Revised: 22 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 27 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends towards Genetics-Based Methods for Pest Management in Agroecosystems—Second Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa (XF) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for severe plant diseases affecting a wide range of host plants, some of them important crops. Since 2017, only the pauca subspecies (ST80) have been identified in Ibiza. XF is naturally transmitted by xylem sap-feeding insects; among them, only Philaenus spumarius (PS) and Neophilaenus campestris Fallén (NC) have been reported as potential insect vectors for XF in Ibiza. This study aims to investigate the dissemination of XF and to propose effective control strategies. The crops and the surrounding vegetation were sampled for potential vectors. DNA from insects was extracted and amplified by three qPCR methods, allowing subspecies identification. The results confirmed the continuous presence of adults of PS and NC in Ibiza and Formentera from May to December with important populations. During the summer period, PS captures predominantly took place within the surrounding woody vegetation adjacent to the plots. The main host plant for PS was Pinus halepensis Miller in Ibiza and Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata (Guss.) Nyman in Formentera. In Ibiza, off the total PS captures, 4.47% tested positive for XF. These results confirm that PS is the main vector of XF on these islands, both in terms of captures and the percentage of positive insects for XF. In Formentera, despite the presence of potential vectors and the proximity and contact with Ibiza, no XF-positive insects were found, confirming the absence of the bacterium on the island.
Keywords: X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca; P. spumarius; N. campestris; woody hosts X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca; P. spumarius; N. campestris; woody hosts

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Llompart, M.; Cifre, J.; Olmo, D.; Juan, A.; Castellà, F.; Jiménez, S.; Sabaté, J. Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in Ibiza and Formentera: A Comprehensive Study of Insect Vectors and Transmission Dynamics. Agronomy 2025, 15, 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020329

AMA Style

Llompart M, Cifre J, Olmo D, Juan A, Castellà F, Jiménez S, Sabaté J. Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in Ibiza and Formentera: A Comprehensive Study of Insect Vectors and Transmission Dynamics. Agronomy. 2025; 15(2):329. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020329

Chicago/Turabian Style

Llompart, Miquel, Josep Cifre, Diego Olmo, Andreu Juan, Francesc Castellà, Sergio Jiménez, and Jordi Sabaté. 2025. "Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in Ibiza and Formentera: A Comprehensive Study of Insect Vectors and Transmission Dynamics" Agronomy 15, no. 2: 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020329

APA Style

Llompart, M., Cifre, J., Olmo, D., Juan, A., Castellà, F., Jiménez, S., & Sabaté, J. (2025). Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in Ibiza and Formentera: A Comprehensive Study of Insect Vectors and Transmission Dynamics. Agronomy, 15(2), 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020329

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