A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Equipment
2.2. Test Fish and Environment
2.3. Test Methods
2.3.1. Measuring the Optimal Flow Velocity at the Entrance of the Fish Collection System
2.3.2. Measuring the Optimal Ratio between the Flow Velocities at the Fish-Luring Channel and at the Entrance of the Fish Collection System
2.3.3. Measuring Approach–Avoidance Behavior of Fish under Different Light Colors
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Impact of Flow Velocity
3.1.1. Measurement of the Optimal Flow Velocity at the Entrance of the Fish Collection System
3.1.2. Measurement of the Optimal Ratio between the Flow Velocities at the Entrance of the Fish-Luring Channel and at the Entrance of the Fish Collection System.
3.2. Impact of Light Color
Measurement of the Approach–Avoidance Behaviors of Fish under Different Light Colors
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Three general indicators that reflected a good fish-luring ability of a fish collection system were proposed. These include an optimal flow velocity at the fish collection system entrance, an optimal ratio between the flow velocities at the entrance of the fish-luring channel and the fish collection system channel, and an optimal light color for the approach–avoidance behavior of the fish. These were found to be key factors in the design of a fish collection system entrance.
- (2)
- At the optimal flow velocity at the fish collection system entrance, the fish were most efficient at finding and going into the fish collection system. The ranges of the percentages of successful migration of juvenile grass carps were 36–43%, 63–68%, 37–43%, 13–23%, and 3–6% when the flow velocities at the fish collection system entrance were 0.2 m/s, 0.3 m/s, 0.4 m/s, 0.5 m/s, and 0.7 m/s, respectively. Thus, the optimal flow velocity at the fish collection system entrance was approximately 0.3 m/s, and the percentage of successful migration of the juvenile grass carps was greater than 60%.
- (3)
- Adding suitable fish-luring flow near the fish collection system entrance could further improve the fishpass efficiency of the fish collection system. There existed an optimal ratio between the flow velocities at the entrance of the fish-luring channel and at the fish collection system entrance. The percentages of successful migration of the juvenile grass carps were 37%, 48%, 57%, 70%, 84%, and 10% when the ratios were 0.3:1, 1:1, 1.7:1, 2:1, 2.3:1, and 2.7:1, respectively. Thus, the optimal ratio was 2.3:1, and the highest percentage of successful migration of the juvenile grass carp was 84%, which was about 1.2 times that obtained without the fish-luring flow.
- (4)
- Different approach–avoidance behavior of the fish under different light colors were observed. The juvenile grass carps avoided the red light, while preferring the blue light. The blue light showed the best fish-luring effect. The percentages of successful migration of the juvenile grass carps were 0.4, 0.57, 0.88, and 1.43 of that obtained under natural light, when red, white, green, and blue light were used, respectively, at the fish collection system entrance. Therefore, blue light could be placed at the fish collection system entrance to improve the fishpass efficiency of fishpass facilities. Red light could be placed at the tailwater of the hydropower station to drive the grass carp away and weaken the attraction of the tailwater to the grass carps, thus helping to improve the fishpass efficiency of the fishpass facilities.
- (5)
- The results of this study could be used to guide engineering practice, as shown in Figure 7. The three general indicators proposed and obtained in this study could be directly used in the design of a fish collection system entrance, for a successful migration of grass carps. In this study, juvenile grass carps were investigated. The optimal flow velocity at the fish collection system entrance, the optimal ratio between the flow velocities at the entrance of the fish-luring channel and at the fish collection system entrance, as well as the preferences of light colors, might be different for other fish species. However, the experimental devices and methods designed in this study will provide important references for the study of fish collection system entrances for other fish species.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case 1 | Velocity (m/s) | Case 2 | Velocity (m/s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | #2 | #3 | #1 | #2 | #3 | ||
1-1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 2-1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 |
1-2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 2-2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.3 |
1-3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 2-3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.4 |
1-4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.5 | 2-4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.5 |
1-5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.7 | 2-5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 |
Case 3 | Velocity (m/s) | v2/v3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | #2 | #3 | ||
3-1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
3-2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
3-3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
3-4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 2.0 |
3-5 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
3-6 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.7 |
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Mu, X.; Zhen, W.; Li, X.; Cao, P.; Gong, L.; Xu, F. A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp. Water 2019, 11, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020322
Mu X, Zhen W, Li X, Cao P, Gong L, Xu F. A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp. Water. 2019; 11(2):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020322
Chicago/Turabian StyleMu, Xiangpeng, Wanyue Zhen, Xiang Li, Ping Cao, Li Gong, and Fengran Xu. 2019. "A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp" Water 11, no. 2: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020322
APA StyleMu, X., Zhen, W., Li, X., Cao, P., Gong, L., & Xu, F. (2019). A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp. Water, 11(2), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020322