Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Geological and Hydrogeological Context
2.1.1. Hydrogeological Unit of Taourirt-Naima
2.1.2. Hydrogeological Unit of Bouhouria
2.2. Estimation of Drinking Water Deficit for 2040
- -
- Current scenario: Machraa Hammadi dam is not yet silted up: In this case, we continue to withdraw the current rate (273 L/s) to produce drinking water: 246 L/s for Oujda and 27 L/s for Taourirt.
- -
- Pessimistic scenario: Machraa Hammadi dam is silted up. In this case, the drinking water supply is provided exclusively from groundwater.
2.3. Identification of Favourable Drilling Sites
2.4. Determination of Water Quality
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Determination of the Drinking Water Deficit to 2040
3.1.1. Case of Oujda Municipality
3.1.2. Case of Taourirt Municipality
3.2. Productivity of the Aquifer of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor
3.3. Characterization of the Groundwater Quality of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population (×1000 inhabitant) | 726.81 | 735.60 | 740.20 | 746.36 | 751.10 | 791.06 | 880.28 | 958.42 | 1026.97 |
Connection rate (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
Endowments (L/capita/d) | |||||||||
Connected population | 103 | 103 | 102 | 101 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 96 | 96 |
Non-connected population | 14 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
Administration | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
Industry | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Total endowment | 141 | 141 | 140 | 136 | 135 | 135 | 133 | 131 | 131 |
Drinking water needs m3/d | |||||||||
Connected population | 73,364.22 | 74,250.96 | 73,990.49 | 73,874.74 | 73,607.93 | 77,523.74 | 84,541.95 | 90,167.68 | 96,617.34 |
Non-connected population | 203.51 | 205.97 | 207.26 | 164.20 | 165.24 | 174.03 | 193.66 | 210.85 | 225.93 |
Administration | 10,902.15 | 11,033.93 | 11,103.02 | 11,195.40 | 11,266.52 | 11,865.88 | 13,204.18 | 14,376.23 | 15,404.55 |
Industry | 6541.29 | 6620.36 | 6661.81 | 6717.24 | 6759.91 | 7119.53 | 7922.51 | 8625.74 | 9242.73 |
Total needs (m3/d) | 91,011.17 | 92,111.21 | 91,962.57 | 91,951.59 | 91,799.60 | 96,683.18 | 105,862.29 | 113,380.49 | 121,490.55 |
Total needs (L/s) | 1053.37 | 1066.10 | 1064.38 | 1064.25 | 1062.50 | 1119.02 | 1225.26 | 1312.27 | 1406.14 |
Year | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population (×1000 inhabitant) | 240.57 | 243.02 | 244.37 | 249.01 | 256.00 | 277.22 | 303.00 | 325.41 | 351.01 |
Connection rate (%) | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 | 98.00 |
Endowments (L/capita/d) | |||||||||
Connected population | 70 | 66 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 |
Non-connected population | 10 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Administration | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Industry | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Total | 92 | 83 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 |
Needs m3/d | |||||||||
Connected population | 16,502.86 | 15,718.41 | 15,087.14 | 15,373.91 | 15,805.44 | 17,115.70 | 18,706.97 | 20,090.87 | 21,671.66 |
Non-connected population | 48.11 | 29.16 | 29.32 | 29.88 | 30.72 | 33.27 | 36.36 | 39.05 | 42.12 |
Administration | 1202.83 | 972.07 | 977.46 | 996.04 | 1024.00 | 1108.89 | 1211.98 | 1301.64 | 1404.06 |
Industry | 1683.96 | 1701.13 | 1710.56 | 1743.07 | 1792.00 | 2217.78 | 2423.97 | 2603.29 | 2808.12 |
Total needs (m3/d) | 19,437.77 | 18,420.77 | 17,804.49 | 18,142.90 | 18,652.16 | 20,475.63 | 22,379.28 | 24,034.85 | 25,925.96 |
Total needs (L/s) | 224.97 | 213.20 | 206.07 | 209.99 | 215.88 | 236.99 | 259.02 | 278.18 | 300.07 |
Parameters | Conductivity (µS/cm) | Chlorides (mg/L) | Nitrates (mg/L) | Faecal Coliforms (per 100 mL) | Use | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | ||||||
Excellent | <400 | <200 | <5 | <20 | Demanding Uses | |
Good | 400–1300 | 200–300 | 5–25 | 20–2000 | DWS after normal treatment | |
Medium | 1300–2700 | 300–750 | 25–50 | 2000–20,000 | DWS after advanced treatment | |
Poor | 2700–3000 | 750–1000 | 50–100 | >20,000 | Irrigation, cooling | |
Verypoor | >3000 | >1000 | >100 | >20,000 | Inapt to the uses |
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Jounaid, H.; Attou, T.; Remmal, T.; Bouaziz, A. Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor. Water 2020, 12, 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040928
Jounaid H, Attou T, Remmal T, Bouaziz A. Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor. Water. 2020; 12(4):928. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040928
Chicago/Turabian StyleJounaid, Halima, Taha Attou, Toufik Remmal, and Aimad Bouaziz. 2020. "Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor" Water 12, no. 4: 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040928
APA StyleJounaid, H., Attou, T., Remmal, T., & Bouaziz, A. (2020). Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor. Water, 12(4), 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040928