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Volume 17
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10.3390/w17030389
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Research on Construction Control Measures for Enclosed Karst Tunnels

by
Miaoxin Zhang
1,2,
Wei Meng
1,2,*,
Xiaowei Zhang
3,
Guotao Tang
1,
Caiyang Sun
1,
Xuefu Zhang
1,2,
Jun Liu
4 and
Xinzhen Li
3
1
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2
Institute of Future Civil Engineering Sciences and Technology, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
3
China Railway Changjiang Transport Design Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China
4
Chongqing High Speed Railway Construction Wankaida Expressway Co., Ltd., Chongqing 404100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2025, 17(3), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030389
Submission received: 10 January 2025 / Revised: 27 January 2025 / Accepted: 29 January 2025 / Published: 31 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Soil and Water)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study explores the water inrush phenomenon and its control measures during tunnel construction in enclosed karst geological conditions through a real case study. Using numerical simulation methods, the study investigates the variations in water level drawdown, drainage volume, and the changes in principal stress and displacement at four locations (arch waist, left arch waist, left arch foot, and arch bottom) during tunnel construction under three excavation methods (full-face excavation method (FFEM,), bench excavation method (BEM), and reserved core soil excavation method (RCSEM)), six water head heights (122 m, 162 m, 202 m, 242 m, 282 m, 322 m), and five excavation advances (0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m). The results show that, compared to controlling excavation advance, water level drawdown and drainage volume are more sensitive to increases in initial water head height. The reserved core soil method results in the smallest drainage volume and water level drawdown, effectively controlling stress increase and significantly mitigating arch bottom uplift. The RCSEM has the smallest drainage volume, making it an ideal choice for ecological protection.
Keywords: enclosed karst geological structure; tunnel excavation; numerical simulation; fluid–structure interaction enclosed karst geological structure; tunnel excavation; numerical simulation; fluid–structure interaction

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, M.; Meng, W.; Zhang, X.; Tang, G.; Sun, C.; Zhang, X.; Liu, J.; Li, X. Research on Construction Control Measures for Enclosed Karst Tunnels. Water 2025, 17, 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030389

AMA Style

Zhang M, Meng W, Zhang X, Tang G, Sun C, Zhang X, Liu J, Li X. Research on Construction Control Measures for Enclosed Karst Tunnels. Water. 2025; 17(3):389. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030389

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Miaoxin, Wei Meng, Xiaowei Zhang, Guotao Tang, Caiyang Sun, Xuefu Zhang, Jun Liu, and Xinzhen Li. 2025. "Research on Construction Control Measures for Enclosed Karst Tunnels" Water 17, no. 3: 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030389

APA Style

Zhang, M., Meng, W., Zhang, X., Tang, G., Sun, C., Zhang, X., Liu, J., & Li, X. (2025). Research on Construction Control Measures for Enclosed Karst Tunnels. Water, 17(3), 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030389

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