Historical Storminess and Hydro-Geological Hazard Temporal Evolution in the Solofrana River Basin—Southern Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Solofrana Peri-Urban Catchment
2.2. MDHE Occurrences Collection
2.3. Precipitation Data
2.4. Rainfal-Runoff Erosivity
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Pattern
3.2. Long-Term Pattern and Tendency
3.3. Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity Computation
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Nicholls, N.; Alexander, L. Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992–2006. Prog. Phys. Geog. 2007, 31, 77–87. [Google Scholar]
- Sugiyama, M.; Shiogama, H.; Emori, S. Precipitation extreme changes exceeding moisture content increases in MIROC and IPCC climate models. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107, 571–575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Easterling, D.R.; Evans, J.L.; Groisman, P.Y.; Karl, T.R.; Kunkel, K.E.; Ambenje, P. Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2000, 81, 417–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nunes, J.P.; Nearing, N. Modelling impacts of climatic change: Case studies using the new generation of erosion models. In Handbook of Erosion Modelling; Morgan, R.P.C., Nearing, M.A., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Chichester, UK, 2011; pp. 289–312. [Google Scholar]
- Diodato, N.; Bellocchi, G.; Romano, N.; Guadagno, F.M. Modelling the Rainfall Erosivity of the Rhone Region Associated with Climate Variability and Storminess. Adv. Meteorol. 2016, 2016, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aich, V.; Kone, B.; Hattermann, F.; Paton, E.N. Time Series Analysis of Floods across the Niger River Basin. Water 2016, 8, 165–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petrucci, O.; Polemio, M. The use of historical data for the characterization of multiple damaging hydrogeological events. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2003, 3, 17–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elmer, F.; Hoymann, J.; Duthmann, D. Drivers of flood risk change in residential areas. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2012, 12, 1641–1657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petrucci, O.; Pasqua, A.A.; Polemio, M. Impact of Damaging Geo-Hydrological Events and Population Development in Calabria, Southern Italy. Water 2013, 5, 1780–1796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diodato, N. Modelling net erosion responses to enviroclimatic changes recorded upon multisecular timescales. Geomorphology 2006, 80, 164–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diodato, N.; Bellocchi, G. Storminess and environmental changes in the Mediterranean Central Area. Earth Interact. 2010, 14, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Verstraeten, G.; Poesen, J.; Demarée, G.; Salles, G. Long-term (105 years) variability in rain erosivity as derived from 10-min rainfall depth data for Ukkel (Brussels, Belgium): Implications for assessing soil erosion rates. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2006, 111, D22109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pradhan, B.; Chaudhari, A.; Adinarayana, J.; Buchroithner, M.F. Soil erosion assessment and its correlation with landslide events using remote sensing data and GIS: A case study at Penang Island, Malaysia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2012, 184, 715–727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wischmeier, W.H.; Smith, D.D. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning; Agriculture Handbook No. 537; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, USA, 1978.
- Auerswald, K.; Fiener, P.; Dikau, R. Rates of sheet and rill erosion in Germany—A meta-analysis. Geomorphology 2009, 111, 182–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foster, G.R.; Meyer, L.D.; Onstad, C.A. A runoff erosivity factor and variable slope length exponent for soil loss estimates. Trans. ASAE 1977, 20, 683–687. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hrissanthou, V.; Piliotis, A. Estimation of sediment inflow into a reservoir under construction. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Greek Hydrotechnical Union, Thessaloniki, Greece, 11–12 September 1995; pp. 355–362.
- Diodato, N.; Soriano, M. Rainfalls and Storm Erosivity. In Storminess and Environmental Change; Diodato, N., Bellocchi, G., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; pp. 39–51. [Google Scholar]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; IPCC: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014; p. 151. [Google Scholar]
- Rojas, R.; Feyen, L.; Watkiss, P. Climate change and river floods in the European Union: Socio-economic consequences and the costs and benefits of adaptation. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2013, 23, 1737–1751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caloiero, T.; Pasqua, A.A.; Petrucci, O. Damaging Hydrogeological Events: A Procedure for the Assessment of Severity Levels and an Application to Calabria (Southern Italy). Water 2014, 6, 3652–3670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Panagos, P.; Ballabio, C.; Borrelli, P.; Meusburger, K.; Klik, A.; Rousseva, S.; Tadić, M.P.; Michaelides, S.; Hrabalíková, M.; Olsen, P.; et al. Rainfall erosivity in Europe. Sci. Total Environ. 2015, 511, 801–814. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alpert, P.; Ben-Gai, T.; Baharad, A.; Benjamini, Y.; Yekutieli, D.; Colacino, M.; Diodato, L.; Ramis, C.; Homar, V.; Romero, R.; et al. The paradoxical increase of Mediterranean extreme daily rainfall in spite of decrease in total values. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29, 1–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diodato, N.; Bellocchi, G.; Fiorillo, F.; Longobardi, A. Historical reconstruction of erosive storms driving damaging hydrological events in Southern Italy (Bonea basin). In Storminess and Environmental Changes; Diodato, N., Bellocchi, G., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; pp. 179–192. [Google Scholar]
- Salvati, P.; Bianchi, C.; Rossi, M.; Guzzetti, F. Societal landslide and flood risk in Italy. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2010, 10, 465–483. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mobilia, M.; Califano, F.; Longobardi, A. Analysis of Rainfall Events driving MDHEs Occurred in the Solofrana River Basin, Southern Italy. Procedia Eng. 2015, 119, 1139–1146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Califano, F.; Mobilia, M.; Longobardi, A. Heavy Rainfall Temporal Characterization in the Peri-Urban Solofrana River Basin, Southern Italy. Procedia Eng. 2015, 119, 1129–1138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Pippo, T.; Donadio, C.; Guida, M.; Petrosino, C. The case of Sarno River (Southern Italy): Effects of geomorphology on the environmental impacts. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2006, 13, 184–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vallario, A. Il Dissesto Idrogeologico in Campania; Cooperativa Universitaria Editrice Napoletana: Napoli, Italy, 2001. (In Italian) [Google Scholar]
- Calvello, M.; Papa, M.N.; Pratschke, J.; Crescenzo, M.N. Landslide risk perception: A case study in Southern Italy. Landslides 2016, 13, 349–360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longobardi, A.; Villani, P. Trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall time series in the Mediterranean area. Int. J. Climatol. 2010, 30, 1538–1546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longobardi, A.; Buttafuoco, G.; Caloiero, T.; Coscarelli, R. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in a Mediterranean area (southern Italy). Environ. Earth Sci. 2016, 75, 1–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pelosi, A.; Furcolo, P. An Amplification Model for the Regional Estimation of Extreme Rainfall within Orographic Areas in Campania Region (Italy). Water 2015, 7, 6877–6891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Furcolo, P.; Pelosi, A.; Rossi, F. Statistical identification of orographic effects in the regional analysis of extreme rainfall. Hydrol. Process. 2016, 30, 1342–1353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bardossy, A.; Pegram, G. Infilling missing precipitation records—A comparison of a new copula-based method with other techniques. J. Hydrol. 2014, 519, 1162–1170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diodato, N.; Bellocchi, G.; Romano, N. Climate Control on Net Erosion Responses in a Mediterranean Landscape: The Alento River Basin; Technical Note N.10; Met European Research Observatory: Benevento, Italy, 2016; p. 25. [Google Scholar]
- Diodato, N.; Aronica, G. Finding Simplicity in Storm Erosivity Modelling. In Storminess and Environmental Change; Diodato, N., Bellocchi, G., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; pp. 53–64. [Google Scholar]
- Diodato, N. Estimating RUSLE’s rainfall factor in the part of Italy with a Mediterranean rainfall regime. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2004, 8, 103–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longobardi, A.; Khaertdinova, E. Relating soil moisture and air temperature to evapotranspiration fluxes during inter-storm periods at a Mediterranean experimental site. J. Arid Land 2015, 7, 27–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buishand, T.A. Some methods for testing the homogeneity of rainfall records. J. Hydrol. 1982, 58, 11–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mehta, A.V.; Yang, S. Precipitation climatology over Mediterranean Basin from ten years of TRMM measurements. Adv. Geosci. 2008, 17, 87–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reale, M.; Lionello, P. Synoptic climatology of winter intense precipitation events along the Mediterranean coasts. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2013, 13, 1707–1722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lionello, P.; Giorgi, F. Winter precipitation and cyclones in the Mediterranean region: Future climate scenarios in a regional simulation. Adv. Geosci. 2007, 12, 153–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Date | Main Stream | Locations | Event | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
26/09/1951 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
22/11/1951 | Solofrana | Solofra | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
02/11/1951 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
02/11/1951 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
03/02/1960 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
03/02/1960 | Solofrana | Forino | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
18/10/1961 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
07/03/1964 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
25/10/1966 | Solofrana | Mercato San Severino | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
29/08/1974 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
29/08/1974 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
29/08/1974 | Solofrana | Forino | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
21/10/1981 | Solofrana | Montoro I | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
21/01/1981 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
18/11/1985 | Solofrana | Forino | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
14-16/07/1986 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
23/12/1986 | Solofrana | Solofra | L | Vallario, A. (2001) [29]. |
20/08/1993 | Solofrana | Solofra | L | Progetto, I. F. F. I. “Inventario dei fenomeni franosi in Italia.” ISPRA—Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo—Servizio Geologico d’Italia (in Italian). |
04/03/1995 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
02/04/1996 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
01/09/1997 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
01/12/1997 | Solofrana | Forino | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
05/05/1998 | Solofrana | Montoro | F/ L | Progetto, I. F. F. I. “Inventario dei fenomeni franosi in Italia.” ISPRA—Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo—Servizio Geologico d’Italia (in Italian). |
21/08/1998 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
04/11/2000 | Solofrana | Solofra | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
04/11/2000 | Solofrana | M. S. Severino | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
04/11/2000 | Solofrana | Montoro | F | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
04/11/2000 | Solofrana | Forino | L | SICI-CNR (GNDCI) Sistema informativo sulle catastrofi idrogeologiche. PROGETTO AVI. |
09/11/2001 | Solofrana | Montoro (Piano di Montoro, Torchiati) | F /L | Local municipalities website |
09/11/2001 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local municipalities website |
28/09/2007 | Solofrana | Montoro (Aterrana) | L | Local newspaper website |
28/09/2007 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local newspaper website |
13/09/2008 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local municipalities website |
05/10/2008 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local newspaper website |
08/01/2010 | Solofrana | Montoro (Aterrana) | L | Local newspaper website |
08/01/2010 | Solofrana | Solofra (Turci) | L | Progetto, I. F. F. I. “Inventario dei fenomeni franosi in Italia.” ISPRA—Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo—Servizio Geologico d’Italia (in Italian). |
30–31/07/2010 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local newspaper website |
06/09/2011 | Solofrana | Solofra (Caposolofra) | F | National newspaper website |
19/09/2011 | Solofrana | Solofra (Turci) | F | Local newspaper website |
19/09/2011 | Solofrana | Montoro | L | Press review |
13/09/2012 | Solofrana | Montoro (Misciano, Piano di Montoro) | F | Local municipalities website |
13/09/2012 | Calvagnola | Mercato San Severino | F | Local newspaper website |
08/10/2013 | Solofrana | Solofra (Sant’ Andrea Apostolo) | L | Local newspaper website |
01/09/2014 | Solofrana | Montoro (San Pietro, Misciano, Pisana) | F | Local newspaper website |
01/09/2014 | Solofrana | Solofra | F/L | Progetto, I. F. F. I. “Inventario dei fenomeni franosi in Italia.” ISPRA—Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo—Servizio Geologico d’Italia (in Italian). |
Station | Elevation (m.a.s.l.) | Period of Observation | # of Records (Years) | Mean Annual Precipitation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Avellino | 370 | 1920–2014 | 83 | 1240 |
Lauro | 192 | 1958–1999 | 35 | 1128 |
Nocera Inf. | 61 | 1918–1999 | 70 | 1271 |
Serino (Urciuoli) | 351 | 1919–2014 | 72 | 1345 |
Baronissi | 260 | 1964–2014 | 48 | 1287 |
Forino | 399 | 1920–2014 | 72 | 1360 |
Mercato San Severino | 141 | 1921–2014 | 77 | 1350 |
Sarno | 24 | 1920–2014 | 79 | 1048 |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Longobardi, A.; Diodato, N.; Mobilia, M. Historical Storminess and Hydro-Geological Hazard Temporal Evolution in the Solofrana River Basin—Southern Italy. Water 2016, 8, 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8090398
Longobardi A, Diodato N, Mobilia M. Historical Storminess and Hydro-Geological Hazard Temporal Evolution in the Solofrana River Basin—Southern Italy. Water. 2016; 8(9):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8090398
Chicago/Turabian StyleLongobardi, Antonia, Nazzareno Diodato, and Mirka Mobilia. 2016. "Historical Storminess and Hydro-Geological Hazard Temporal Evolution in the Solofrana River Basin—Southern Italy" Water 8, no. 9: 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8090398
APA StyleLongobardi, A., Diodato, N., & Mobilia, M. (2016). Historical Storminess and Hydro-Geological Hazard Temporal Evolution in the Solofrana River Basin—Southern Italy. Water, 8(9), 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8090398