Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- A modified temporal scale of the model from an annual basis to daily basis. This is better suited to regions with intensive seasonal rainfall
- Inclusion of impervious surface covers (e.g., plastic mulching and artificial structures such as concrete ditches and pavements)
- Revision of the effective rainfall equation, the interflow equation, and equations relevant to flow velocity.
2. Model Description
2.1. The DMMF Model
2.2. Hydrological Phase
2.2.1. Surface Runoff Process
2.2.2. Interflow Process
2.3. Sediment Phase
2.3.1. Sediment Delivery to Surface Runoff
2.3.2. Gravitational Deposition of Suspended Sediments
2.3.3. Estimation of Sediment Loss from an Element
2.4. Estimation of Total Runoff and Soil Erosion for Rainfall Period
3. Testing the DMMF Model
3.1. Sensitivity Analysis of the Model
3.2. Testing the DMMF Model in the Field
4. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Description | Unit | Range |
---|---|---|---|
R | Daily rainfall | [mm] | 1–1825 (a) |
Mean rainfall intensity of a day | [mm ] | 15.0–305.0 (a) | |
Daily evapotranspiration | [mm] | 0.0–15.0 (b) | |
S | Slope angle | [] | 0.0–1.5 (c) |
Grid size of a raster map for the width (w) and the length (l)of an element that are equal to and | [] | 0.25–100 (d) | |
Proportion of clay of the surface soil | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Proportion of silt of the surface soil | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Proportion of sand of the surface soil | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Soil depth | [] | 0.3–68.0 (e) | |
Initial soil water content of entire soil profile | [] | 0.00– (f) | |
Saturated water content of entire soil profile | [] | 0.31–0.56 (f) | |
Soil water content at field capacity of entire soil profiles | [] | 0.10– (f) | |
K | Saturated soil lateral hydraulic conductivity | [] | 1–230 (g) |
Detachability of clay particles by rainfall | [] | 0.10–1.50 (h) | |
Detachability of silt particles by rainfall | [] | 0.50–5.15 (h) | |
Detachability of sand particles by rainfall | [] | 0.15–4.15 (h) | |
Detachability of clay particles by surface runoff | [] | 0.020–2.0 (h) | |
Detachability of silt particles by surface runoff | [] | 0.016–1.6 (h) | |
Detachability of sand particles by surface runoff | [] | 0.015–1.5 (h) | |
Area proportion of the permanent interception of rainfall | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Area proportion of the impervious ground cover | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Area proportion of the ground cover of the soil surfaceprotected by vegetation or crop cover on the ground | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Area proportion of the canopy cover of the soil surfaceprotected by vegetation or crop canopy | [proportion] | 0–1 | |
Average height of vegetation or crop cover of an elementwhere leaf drainage starts to fall | [] | 0–30 (h) | |
D | Average diameter of individual plant elements at the surface | [] | 0.00001–3.0 (h) |
Number of individual plant elements per unit area | [] | 0.00001–2000 (h) | |
d | Typical flow depth of surface runoff in an element | [] | 0.005–3 (h) |
n | Manning’s roughness coefficient of the soil surface | [] | 0.01–0.05 (i) |
Field | K | D | d | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field 1 | Sup. | 0.454 | 0.351 | 17.9 | 0.144 | 0.48 | 5.4 | 0.12 | 1.50 | 5.15 | 4.15 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.010 |
Inf. | 0.351 | 0.345 | 0.29 | 0.096 | 0.32 | 3.6 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 | |
Field 2 | Sup. | 0.494 | 0.435 | 5.22 | 0.144 | 0.48 | 5.4 | 0.12 | 1.50 | 5.15 | 4.15 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.010 |
Inf. | 0.435 | 0.407 | 0.15 | 0.096 | 0.32 | 3.6 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
K | d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field 1 | 0.500 | 0.362 | 0.345 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.010 |
Field 2 | 0.284 | 0.453 | 0.435 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
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Choi, K.; Arnhold, S.; Huwe, B.; Reineking, B. Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations. Water 2017, 9, 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040278
Choi K, Arnhold S, Huwe B, Reineking B. Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations. Water. 2017; 9(4):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040278
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Kwanghun, Sebastian Arnhold, Bernd Huwe, and Björn Reineking. 2017. "Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations" Water 9, no. 4: 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040278
APA StyleChoi, K., Arnhold, S., Huwe, B., & Reineking, B. (2017). Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations. Water, 9(4), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040278