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Symmetry
Volume 17
Issue 2
10.3390/sym17020221
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves

by
Chuan Li
1,
Chuanming Li
1,*,
Qinghua Han
1,
Wanrong Liu
2,
Jianguo Cao
1,
Hu Li
1 and
Yikai Wang
1
1
School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232000, China
2
College of Architecture and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Symmetry 2025, 17(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020221
Submission received: 27 December 2024 / Revised: 30 January 2025 / Accepted: 31 January 2025 / Published: 2 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Engineering and Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This research aimed to detect the defects of anchoring agents’ empty slurries in anchor support. The influence of anchoring defects on the propagation law of stress waves was comprehensively investigated using laboratory tests, theoretical calculations, and other methods. The characteristic modal components with symmetry and periodicity laws were extracted by adopting a variable modal decomposition (VMD) signal decomposition method. It was found that the bottom reflection time of stress waves had an inverse function relationship with the length of the anchorage flaw. The average propagation speed of the stress wave in the free rod was obtained as 5150 m/s, and the average consolidation wave speed was 4198 m/s. The calculation method of the bolt flaw length was finally proposed. After experimental verification, the average error rate was 2.65%, which meets the requirement of testing accuracy in the engineering field, which provides a guarantee for safe production.
Keywords: nondestructive testing; anchorage flaws; stress waves; VMD nondestructive testing; anchorage flaws; stress waves; VMD

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, C.; Li, C.; Han, Q.; Liu, W.; Cao, J.; Li, H.; Wang, Y. Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves. Symmetry 2025, 17, 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020221

AMA Style

Li C, Li C, Han Q, Liu W, Cao J, Li H, Wang Y. Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves. Symmetry. 2025; 17(2):221. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020221

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Chuan, Chuanming Li, Qinghua Han, Wanrong Liu, Jianguo Cao, Hu Li, and Yikai Wang. 2025. "Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves" Symmetry 17, no. 2: 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020221

APA Style

Li, C., Li, C., Han, Q., Liu, W., Cao, J., Li, H., & Wang, Y. (2025). Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves. Symmetry, 17(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020221

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