Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite Concentrate Pyrolysis Slag by Oxygen Pressure Leaching
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedures
2.3. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Leaching Conditions
3.1.1. Effect of Different Acid Types
3.1.2. Effect of Initial Acidity
3.1.3. Effect of Leaching Time
3.1.4. Effect of Leaching Temperature
3.1.5. Effect of Oxygen Pressure
3.1.6. Effect of Liquid-to-Solid Ratio
3.2. Preparation of Target Products
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The phase of leaching residue obtained with hydrochloric acid is simpler and closer to hematite, while the iron phase of the autoclaved residue obtained with sulfuric acid is complex. In addition to hematite, there are goethite, alum, and other substances, which are more stringent for the subsequent roasting conditions;
- (2)
- Sulfur can be obtained through oxygen pressure leaching of pyrolysis slag. The yield of elemental sulfur significantly increases with oxygen pressure, and the bulk sulfur increases first and then decreases with initial acidity and temperature, and steadily increases with reaction time and oxygen pressure. The leaching ratio of iron increases with initial acidity and the liquid-to-solid ratio, and gradually decreases with oxygen pressure. The oxygen pressure leaching has a good effect on the leaching of Pb and Zn in the pyrolysis slag, where the leaching ratio reaches a value of more than 90%, while the content of Pb and Zn in hematite products is extremely low;
- (3)
- The optimal experimental conditions for oxygen pressure leaching of pyrolysis slag are determined to be an initial acidity of 0.8 mol/L, a leaching time of 5 h, an oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 9:1 at a temperature of 150 °C. Under these conditions, the yield of sulfur elemental reaches 88.37%, and the leaching ratio of Fe is only 19.8%, while the leaching ratios of Pb and Zn are 92.25% and 99.11%;
- (4)
- After roasting the leached residue, the sulfur content in the hematite is reduced to 0.1%, and the content of Pb and Zn in the slag is 0.106%. The element content analysis result of the roasted slag well meets the standard of the first-grade pyrite cinder. Apparently, the proposed technical route holds great potential for the high-value utilization of pyrite concentrate.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Fe | S | Pb | Zn | Mg | Si | Ca | As | Al | C | K | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (wt.%) | 54.26 | 36.70 | 0.78 | 0.36 | 0.095 | 2.16 | 1.35 | 0.0073 | 0.38 | 0.037 | 0.16 | 3.7107 |
Effects/Leaching Conditions | Acid Types | Initial Acidity/mol/L | Leaching Temperature/°C | Leaching Time/h | Oxygen Pressure/Mpa | Liquid-to-Solid Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Different acid types | Sulfuric/hydrochloric acid | 0.8 | 140 | 4 | 1 | 15:1 |
Initial acidity | Hydrochloric acid | 0.5/0.6/0.8/1.2/1.5 | 140 | 4 | 1 | 15:1 |
Leaching time | Hydrochloric acid | 0.8 | 140 | 2/3/3.5/4/5 | 1 | 15:1 |
Leaching temperature | Hydrochloric acid | 0.8 | 120/130/140/150/160 | 5 | 1 | 15:1 |
Oxygen pressure | Hydrochloric acid | 0.8 | 150 | 5 | 0.4/0.6/0.8/1.0 | 15:1 |
Liquid-to-solid ratio | Hydrochloric acid | 0.8 | 150 | 5 | 0.8 | 3:1/6:1/9:1/12:1/15:1 |
Acid Types | Red Pressure Leaching Residue/g | Fe in Leaching Residue/wt.% | Bulk Sulfur/wt.% | Powdered Sulfur/wt.% | Fe in Leaching Solution/wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrochloric acid | 23.21 | 66.57 | 23.64 | 54.27 | 33.43 |
Sulfuric acid | 21.96 | 58.92 | 35.09 | 39.45 | 41.08 |
Element | S | Fe | Pb | Zn | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 0.22 | 55.14 | 0.079 | 0.019 | 44.542 |
Element | S | Fe | Pb | Zn | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 0.1 | 61.46 | 0.082 | 0.024 | 38.334 |
Grade | Chemical Composition (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TFe | SiO2 | S | P | As | Cu | Pb + Zn | |
First-grade | ≥60.0 | ≤6.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.3 |
Second-grade | ≥58.0 | ≤10.0 | ≤1.5 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 |
Third-grade | ≥54.0 | ≤12.0 | ≤2.5 | ≤0.12 | ≥0.12 | ≤0.4 | ≤1.0 |
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Liu, L.-B.; Yi, L.; Song, Y. Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite Concentrate Pyrolysis Slag by Oxygen Pressure Leaching. Minerals 2023, 13, 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060726
Liu L-B, Yi L, Song Y. Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite Concentrate Pyrolysis Slag by Oxygen Pressure Leaching. Minerals. 2023; 13(6):726. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060726
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Lin-Bo, Longsheng Yi, and Yunfeng Song. 2023. "Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite Concentrate Pyrolysis Slag by Oxygen Pressure Leaching" Minerals 13, no. 6: 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060726
APA StyleLiu, L. -B., Yi, L., & Song, Y. (2023). Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite Concentrate Pyrolysis Slag by Oxygen Pressure Leaching. Minerals, 13(6), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060726