The Characterization of Normal Male and Female Voice from Surface Electromyographic Parameters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Materials
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vocal Task | Electromyographic Surface Parameters Studied |
---|---|
Reading aloud (SEMG signal normalization task) | Peak (µV) |
Vowel /a/ at comfortable frequency and intensity | Mean (µV) |
Minimum (µV) | |
Upward glissando with the vowel /i/ (low and high part) | Standard deviation (µV) |
Rest (time of no vocal activity) | Average frequency (Hz) |
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
µV | µV | p | Hz | Hz | p | ||
C1 | Mean | 6.67 | 9.11 | <0.01 | 345.98 | 311.95 | <0.01 |
SD | 4.27 | 6.66 | 59.14 | 54.79 | |||
C2 | Mean | 7.50 | 7.77 | <0.05 | 286.00 | 266.12 | <0.01 |
SD | 6.08 | 3.99 | 41.09 | 38.81 | |||
C3 | Mean | 6.05 | 6.16 | 0.53 | 339.03 | 332.16 | 0.28 |
SD | 2.57 | 2.72 | 33.18 | 40.16 | |||
C4 | Mean | 5.48 | 5.14 | 0.90 | 362.52 | 358.68 | 0.19 |
SD | 3.76 | 2.39 | 67.33 | 37.24 | |||
C5 | Mean | 12.79 | 20.40 | <0.05 | 245.20 | 212.61 | <0.01 |
SD | 10.31 | 18.41 | 52.98 | 54.82 | |||
C6 | Mean | 6.71 | 7.03 | <0.05 | 331.22 | 303.57 | <0.01 |
SD | 6.59 | 4.49 | 48.18 | 51.50 |
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
µV | µV | p | Hz | Hz | p | ||
C1 | Mean | 10.11 | 13.49 | <0.01 | 296.17 | 275.61 | <0.01 |
SD | 1.86 | 2.52 | 41.87 | 39.16 | |||
C2 | Mean | 10.56 | 12.59 | <0.01 | 269.65 | 253.68 | <0.05 |
SD | 1.94 | 2.67 | 38.37 | 30.69 | |||
C3 | Mean | 11.91 | 11.35 | 0.66 | 264.13 | 268.93 | 0.56 |
SD | 3.08 | 2.45 | 44.51 | 40.12 | |||
C4 | Mean | 12.98 | 10.01 | <0.05 | 265.44 | 271.87 | 0.38 |
SD | 3.56 | 2.14 | 4911 | 38.74 | |||
C5 | Mean | 12.75 | 21.47 | <0.01 | 252.79 | 236.37 | <0.01 |
SD | 1.10 | 1.59 | 45.20 | 57.72 | |||
C6 | Mean | 8.41 | 9.99 | <0.01 | 297.31 | 278.33 | 0.07 |
SD | 0.93 | 1.64 | 56.99 | 55.97 |
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (µV) | Mean (µV) | p | Mean Frequency (Hz) | Mean Frequency (Hz) | p | ||
C1 | Mean | 20.57 | 29.36 | <0.01 | 229.91 | 219.99 | <0.05 |
SD | 8.17 | 10.70 | 23.03 | 22.18 | |||
C2 | Mean | 22.81 | 29.42 | <0.01 | 219.58 | 213.80 | 0.12 |
SD | 9.72 | 11.46 | 19.99 | 17.43 | |||
C3 | Mean | 22.72 | 21.06 | 0.19 | 209.85 | 216.02 | 0.10 |
SD | 9.45 | 7.92 | 31.18 | 33.53 | |||
C4 | Mean | 25.46 | 18.87 | <0.01 | 202.61 | 220.49 | <0.01 |
SD | 11.13 | 7.14 | 27.51 | 25.16 | |||
C5 | Mean | 15.84 | 21.09 | <0.05 | 237.78 | 228.84 | 0.12 |
SD | 2.84 | 2.79 | 30.07 | 24.47 | |||
C6 | Mean | 11.15 | 11.09 | 0.17 | 269.53 | 257.43 | 0.09 |
SD | 3.57 | 2.92 | 48.32 | 33.04 |
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (µV) | Mean (µV) | p | Mean Frequency (Hz) | Mean Frequency (Hz) | p | ||
C1 | Mean | 11.34 | 16.35 | <0.01 | 280.08 | 254.95 | <0.01 |
SD | 2.04 | 2.89 | 41.73 | 36.54 | |||
C2 | Mean | 12.80 | 15.30 | <0.01 | 251.92 | 239.84 | <0.05 |
SD | 2.50 | 2.82 | 36.13 | 32.66 | |||
C3 | Mean | 24.34 | 16.12 | <0.01 | 232.93 | 249.36 | <0.01 |
SD | 8.34 | 4.01 | 46.11 | 41.77 | |||
C4 | Mean | 25.92 | 13.59 | <0.01 | 236.10 | 263.03 | <0.01 |
SD | 8.60 | 3.49 | 47.93 | 47.69 | |||
C5 | Mean | 12.88 | 2096 | <0.01 | 239.73 | 220.68 | <0.01 |
SD | 1.33 | 1.33 | 38.84 | 42.89 | |||
C6 | Mean | 7.96 | 9.37 | <0.01 | 299.98 | 279.11 | <0.01 |
SD | 0.90 | 1.41 | 52.59 | 41.49 |
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Puig-Herreros, C.; Sanz, J.L.; Barona-Lleó, L.; Forner, L.; Rosell-Clari, V. The Characterization of Normal Male and Female Voice from Surface Electromyographic Parameters. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060592
Puig-Herreros C, Sanz JL, Barona-Lleó L, Forner L, Rosell-Clari V. The Characterization of Normal Male and Female Voice from Surface Electromyographic Parameters. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(6):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060592
Chicago/Turabian StylePuig-Herreros, Clara, José Luis Sanz, Luz Barona-Lleó, Leopoldo Forner, and Vicent Rosell-Clari. 2024. "The Characterization of Normal Male and Female Voice from Surface Electromyographic Parameters" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 6: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060592
APA StylePuig-Herreros, C., Sanz, J. L., Barona-Lleó, L., Forner, L., & Rosell-Clari, V. (2024). The Characterization of Normal Male and Female Voice from Surface Electromyographic Parameters. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(6), 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060592