Geographical Variation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. 1758) Populations in South-Eastern Morocco: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Geometric Morphometric Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Wing Shape
3.2. Wing Size
3.3. Standard Morphometry
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Errachidia | Ouarzazate | Tinghir | Zagora | A. m. intermissa | A. m. sahariensis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Errachidia | - | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Ouarzazate | 3.4948 | - | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Tinghir | 3.2692 | 2.2285 | - | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Zagora | 4.1742 | 2.7590 | 2.6875 | - | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
A. m. intermissa | 8.2451 | 7.2371 | 6.5403 | 6.0323 | - | <0.0001 |
A. m. sahariensis | 10.1513 | 10.0084 | 9.2805 | 8.5097 | 6.6533 | - |
Measurement | Errachidia (±SD) | Ouarzazate (±SD) | Tinghir (±SD) | Zagora (±SD) | Mean of SE Morocco (±SD) | A. m. intermissa (±SD) | A. m. sahariensis (±SD) | P1 | P2 | DuPraw 1965a (±CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CuI | 2.53 ± 0.25 | 2.46 ± 0.29 | 2.58 ± 0.21 | 2.35 ± 0.24 | 2.48 ± 0.25 | 2.27 ± 0.18 | 2.39 ± 0.25 | 0.002 * | 0.730 | - |
A1 | 26.63 ± 1.31 | 25.23 ± 1.59 | 26.02 ± 1.38 | 24.66 ± 1.7 | 25.64 ± 1.49 | 24.12 ± 2.3 | 24.53 ± 1.7 | 0.002 * | 0.460 | 22.7 ± 1.4 |
A4 | 31.41 ± 1.21 | 32.08 ± 1.48 | 31.90 ± 1.08 | 32.03 ± 1.45 | 31.85 ± 1.30 | 31.58 ± 1.17 | 31.78 ± 1.82 | 0.610 | 0.980 | 31.1 ± 1.5 |
B4 | 106.15 ± 2.67 | 105.35 ± 3.49 | 105.36 ± 2.82 | 104.43 ± 2.82 | 105.32 ± 2.95 | 103.12 ± 3.62 | 102.47 ± 4.6 | 0.018 * | 0.190 | 102 ± 4.3 |
D7 | 99.65 ± 1.33 | 100.84 ± 1.58 | 99.96 ± 1.28 | 100.11 ± 2.00 | 100.14 ± 1.55 | 99.99 ± 2.14 | 100.59 ± 1.09 | 0.880 | 0.880 | - |
E9 | 20.25 ± 0.62 | 20.56 ± 0.91 | 20.05 ± 0.64 | 20.35 ± 0.85 | 20.3 ± 0.75 | 19.95 ± 0.73 | 18.89 ± 0.34 | 0.160 | 0.001 * | 19.8 ± 0.8 |
G7 | 23.61 ± 0.34 | 23.46 ± 0.63 | 23.51 ± 0.47 | 23.28 ± 0.71 | 23.46 ± 0.54 | 23.28 ± 0.66 | 22.89 ± 0.23 | 0.410 | 0.120 | 23.4 ± 0.8 |
G18 | 99.62 ± 1.78 | 99.47 ± 2.01 | 99.88 ± 1.44 | 100.52 ± 1.92 | 99.87 ± 1.79 | 99.51 ± 2.44 | 99.14 ± 1.81 | 0.720 | 0.730 | 97.5 ± 1.2 |
H12 | 18.73 ± 0.86 | 18.9 ± 0.97 | 18.66 ± 0.96 | 18.47 ± 1.1 | 18.69 ± 0.97 | 18.2 ± 1.55 | 17.51 ± 1.24 | 0.150 | 0.080 | 17.5 ± 0.9 |
J10 | 51.48 ± 1.78 | 51.09 ± 1.48 | 51.55 ± 2.00 | 51.53 ± 1.88 | 51.41 ± 1.78 | 48.7 ± 2.87 | 49.96 ± 1.36 | 0.000 * | 0.319 | 54.1 ± 1.6 |
J16 | 89.54 ± 1.69 | 89.7 ± 2.36 | 90.3 ± 1.94 | 90.28 ± 2.28 | 89.96 ± 2.07 | 93.74 ± 2.00 | 93.75 ± 2.55 | 0.000 * | 0.001 * | 97.2 ± 3.0 |
K19 | 80.31 ± 1.36 | 79.73 ± 1.55 | 80.65 ± 1.81 | 78.76 ± 1.73 | 79.86 ± 1.61 | 77.79 ± 1.97 | 77.61 ± 2.13 | 0.000 * | 0.039 * | - |
L13 | 17.32 ± 0.91 | 17.21 ± 0.89 | 17.04 ± 0.6 | 17.44 ± 0.87 | 17.25 ± 0.82 | 15.49 ± 0.92 | 16 ± 0.42 | 0.000 * | 0.010 * | - |
M17 | 44.62 ± 1.18 | 45.53 ± 1.81 | 45.31 ± 1.33 | 45.07 ± 1.72 | 45.13 ± 1.51 | 44.27 ± 2.63 | 42.26 ± 1.02 | 0.090 | 0.003 * | 46.4 ± 2.0 |
N23 | 79.92 ± 1.28 | 81.2 ± 1.98 | 81.57 ± 1.41 | 81.34 ± 1.48 | 81.01 ± 1.54 | 83.28 ± 2.4 | 84.2 ± 2.67 | 0.000 * | 0.003 * | 94 ± 1.9 |
O26 | 36.03 ± 1.77 | 36.48 ± 2.28 | 37.12 ± 2.10 | 36.84 ± 2.4 | 36.62 ± 2.14 | 40.12 ± 2.62 | 35.08 ± 2.38 | 0.000 * | 0.340 | 37.4 ± 2.9 |
Q21 | 34.79 ± 0.56 | 34.96 ± 0.67 | 35.16 ± 0.78 | 35.49 ± 0.94 | 35.10 ± 0.74 | 34.44 ± 1.06 | 34.35 ± 0.65 | 0.003 * | 0.160 | 35.9 ± 0.9 |
LG | 1.99 ± 0.02 | 1.96 ± 0.03 | 1.97 ± 0.03 | 1.95 ± 0.03 | 1.97 ± 0.03 | 1.99 ± 0.05 | 1.99 ± 0.02 | 0.050 | 0.420 | 1.99 ± 0.03 |
AO | 4.33 ± 0.04 | 4.28 ± 0.06 | 4.33 ± 0.05 | 4.28 ± 0.07 | 4.31 ± 0.06 | 4.42 ± 0.1 | 4.42 ± 0.05 | 0.000 * | 0.004 * | 4.44 ± 0.04 |
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Aglagane, A.; Tofilski, A.; Er-Rguibi, O.; Laghzaoui, E.-M.; Kimdil, L.; El Mouden, E.H.; Fuchs, S.; Oleksa, A.; Aamiri, A.; Aourir, M. Geographical Variation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. 1758) Populations in South-Eastern Morocco: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Insects 2022, 13, 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030288
Aglagane A, Tofilski A, Er-Rguibi O, Laghzaoui E-M, Kimdil L, El Mouden EH, Fuchs S, Oleksa A, Aamiri A, Aourir M. Geographical Variation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. 1758) Populations in South-Eastern Morocco: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Insects. 2022; 13(3):288. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030288
Chicago/Turabian StyleAglagane, Abdessamad, Adam Tofilski, Omar Er-Rguibi, El-Mustapha Laghzaoui, Latifa Kimdil, El Hassan El Mouden, Stefan Fuchs, Andrzej Oleksa, Ahmed Aamiri, and Mohamed Aourir. 2022. "Geographical Variation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. 1758) Populations in South-Eastern Morocco: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis" Insects 13, no. 3: 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030288
APA StyleAglagane, A., Tofilski, A., Er-Rguibi, O., Laghzaoui, E. -M., Kimdil, L., El Mouden, E. H., Fuchs, S., Oleksa, A., Aamiri, A., & Aourir, M. (2022). Geographical Variation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. 1758) Populations in South-Eastern Morocco: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Insects, 13(3), 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030288