Social Sciences

18 pages, 527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Differences, Relationships, and Predictors for Loneliness in an Adult Population: The Roles of Personal Characteristics, Place of Residence, Leisure Activities, Mental Health, and Social Outcomes

by Vasiliki Tzouvara and Pinar Kupdere

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090425 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4027

Abstract

Loneliness is associated with poor mental and social outcomes globally. The literature suggests an association between loneliness and personal characteristics, place of residence, and leisure activities. However, the current literature has produced inconsistent findings and has focused largely on older adults. This study [...] Read more.

Loneliness is associated with poor mental and social outcomes globally. The literature suggests an association between loneliness and personal characteristics, place of residence, and leisure activities. However, the current literature has produced inconsistent findings and has focused largely on older adults. This study is one of the first to examine the differences, relationships, and predictors of loneliness in an adult population, and the roles of personal characteristics, place of residence, leisure activities, mental health, and social outcomes. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken. A sample of 155 adults responded, with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD = 13.2), and with 54.1% identifying as female. An analysis revealed experiences of loneliness across the sample. In addition, age was moderately associated with loneliness, while psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and social networks were significantly associated with loneliness. Depressive symptoms were a positive predictor for loneliness, and social networks were a negative predictor for loneliness. This study has confirmed findings from previous research and provided new information on loneliness, which can guide future research and interventions to prevent or support people who suffer from loneliness. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESG Investing Issues in Food Industry Enterprises: Focusing on On-the-Job Training in Waste Management

by Gunta Grinberga-Zalite and Andra Zvirbule

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090424 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3526

Abstract

Recently, there is a growing interest in investing in ways that might eliminate global warming; therefore, a number of studies promote the idea of ESG investing. The current study presents the latest discourses on the interpretation of investment and the role of social [...] Read more.

Recently, there is a growing interest in investing in ways that might eliminate global warming; therefore, a number of studies promote the idea of ESG investing. The current study presents the latest discourses on the interpretation of investment and the role of social aspects in terms of investing in ESG. The topicality of the particular study is justified by the fact that food sector investors and other market participants use ESG information through ESG ratings, which, among social factors, include on-the-job training as an important indicator of a company’s sustainability. This study was based on a mixed-methods methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative research methods in consistent methodological steps. Based on the research of a wide range of scientific literature and the results of focus group interviews with industry practitioners, the authors have explored ESG implementation issues in European food sector enterprises to identify how food sector companies can strengthen their ESG performance by developing practical on-the-job training in waste management. This study has posed a research question: What skills should be integrated in on-the-job training programs in contemporary waste management in food industry enterprises? The research results present a systematized structure that integrates explicit and tacit knowledge, skills and competence that were acknowledged as topical in developing on-the-job training programs for food industry enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Work, Employment and the Labor Market)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employee Involvement and Commitment in Internal Communication

by Galvão Meirinhos, António Cardoso, Rui Silva, Reiville Rêgo and Márcio Oliveira

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090423 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3663

Abstract

This research project aims to analyze the importance of internal communication in organizations in Benguela (Angola) and to determine its impact on employee engagement and commitment to the organization. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted using a quantitative methodology. In this [...] Read more.

This research project aims to analyze the importance of internal communication in organizations in Benguela (Angola) and to determine its impact on employee engagement and commitment to the organization. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted using a quantitative methodology. In this scope, a questionnaire was applied to 250 employees of the organizations, seeking to evaluate employees as internal consumers; internal communication in terms of tools, means and communicative effectiveness, as well as internal communication management and employee satisfaction. The results demonstrate the need for internal communication to engage and commit the company’s employees, where organizations are increasingly concerned with the management of their human resources. Full article

14 pages, 596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Failed Mimicry: The Thai Government’s Attempts to Combat Labor Trafficking Using Perpetrators’ Means

by Naparat Kranrattanasuit and Yanuar Sumarlan

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090422 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2184

Abstract

(1) Background: This research paper examines the prevention measures, i.e., the application of technologies such as those abused by “traffickers”, used by government and non-government agencies to combat “internal trafficking” in Samut Sakhon province. The authors review numerous research papers and documents at [...] Read more.

(1) Background: This research paper examines the prevention measures, i.e., the application of technologies such as those abused by “traffickers”, used by government and non-government agencies to combat “internal trafficking” in Samut Sakhon province. The authors review numerous research papers and documents at international and national levels. (2) Methods: the authors use in-depth interviews to relate the anti-internal trafficking measures of the government and non-government agencies. (3) The findings show that these government and non-government agencies have attempted to combat “inter-border” trafficking and internal trafficking. However, limited information and communication gaps in the application of IT-based technology and other media for communication have caused unsatisfactory preventive results and responses against such phenomena. (4) Some findings point to the limited success of an NGO (the Labor Protection Network) whose leader decided to recruit Burmese- and Lao-speaking staff to reach out to potential and actual victims among Burmese and Laotian people. (5) The authors suggest that government agencies learned from this failure and then collaborated more with non-government and migrant worker organizations to provide sufficient information and efficient communication channels to ensure migrant workers’ safety in Thailand’s territory. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online and Offline Coordination in Australia’s Far-Right: A Study of True Blue Crew

by Jade Hutchinson, Muhammad Iqbal, Mario Peucker and Debra Smith

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090421 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4256

Abstract

Far-right extremism transpires in virtual and physical space. In this study, we examine how the Australian far-right extremist group ‘True Blue Crew’ attempted to coordinate their offline activities with their social media activism. To this end, we conducted a thematic content analysis of [...] Read more.

Far-right extremism transpires in virtual and physical space. In this study, we examine how the Australian far-right extremist group ‘True Blue Crew’ attempted to coordinate their offline activities with their social media activism. To this end, we conducted a thematic content analysis of administrator posts and user comments present on the group’s Facebook page prior to and following an organised street rally in June 2017. This online analysis was partnered with ethnographic field work to gauge the perceptions of group members and supporters during the rally in Melbourne, Victoria. The results highlight the multi-dimensional and intimate manner in which online and offline contexts are coordinated to support far-right activism and mobilisation. This study offers an empirical account of how far-right attitudes, activism, and mobilisation transpired in Australia in the years prior to an Australian committing the Christchurch terror attack. It reveals a growing frustration within the broader far-right movement, leading to later strategic adaptation that can be interpreted as an early warning sign of an environment increasingly conducive to violence. This provides a more nuanced understanding of the context from which far-right terrorism emerges, and speaks to the importance of maintaining a level of analysis that transverses the social and the individual, as well as the online and the offline spaces. Implications for security and government agencies responses are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Race and Ethnic Relations: New Perspectives, Methodologies and Approaches between Online-Offline Spaces)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Banishment through Branding: From Montréal’s Red Light District to Quartier des Spectacles

by Rhianne Fiolka, Zack Marshall and Anna Kramer

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090420 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4743

Abstract

This paper analyzes how the City of Montréal employed tools of urban planning—including a district plan, street redesign, rezoning, selective public consultation, expropriation, policing and surveillance—to spatially banish sex work from its historic district, using the red light symbol as a branding strategy. [...] Read more.

This paper analyzes how the City of Montréal employed tools of urban planning—including a district plan, street redesign, rezoning, selective public consultation, expropriation, policing and surveillance—to spatially banish sex work from its historic district, using the red light symbol as a branding strategy. This coincided with a change in federal law (Bill C-36) and a policy shift to reposition sex workers as passive victims of sex trafficking. Using a case study design, this work explores the state’s refusal to recognize the agency of those engaged in embodied socio-economic exchanges and the safety and solidarity possible in public space. In interviews, sex workers described strategies of collective organizing, resistance and protest to hold the city accountable during this process of displacement. We consider how urban planning might support sex work, sex workers and economic autonomy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Interventions to Promote the Health, Safety & Rights of Sex Workers: Decriminalization and Beyond)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Distancing Impact on Higher Education during COVID-19 Lockdown

by Ionel N. Sava

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090419 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3101

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, education online meant limited or no in-person interaction with professors and peers. In this article, research questions look for social distancing impact on subjects attending computer-mediated education. Educational technology factors were selected and exposed to students’ evaluation in a [...] Read more.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, education online meant limited or no in-person interaction with professors and peers. In this article, research questions look for social distancing impact on subjects attending computer-mediated education. Educational technology factors were selected and exposed to students’ evaluation in a semi-structured questionnaire. Results confirm that online education increased students’ acceptance and positive attitude towards digital learning for 8 out of 10 subjects. On the other hand, factors that drive motivation showed diminished satisfaction with content for 4 out of 10 students and reduced capacity to stay focused for 7 out of 10 students. This research points toward factors that convert interaction with peers and instructors to such an extent that they impact basic educational fields such as motivation and satisfaction. There were interrogated social interactivity factors, as half of the subjects reported missing learner–learner and learner–instructor interaction. Results showed that up to one third of surveyed students showed diminished motivation alongside less satisfaction with content. The article concludes that digital education should multiply and adapt its own content and delivery routines and it suggests that the online education experience should serve development of computer-mediated learning as well augmenting of in-person education. Full article

21 pages, 1440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Licensed Professionals and Intergenerational Big-, Meso- and Micro-Class Immobility within the Upper Class; Social Closure and Gendered Outcomes among Italian Graduates

by Lucia Ruggera and Jani Erola

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090418 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1901

Abstract

This article examines how processes of social closure promote persistence at the top of the occupational hierarchy and how they vary by gender. We focus on the links between professional closure strategies and intergenerational immobility in professional employment among Italian graduates. Italy displays [...] Read more.

This article examines how processes of social closure promote persistence at the top of the occupational hierarchy and how they vary by gender. We focus on the links between professional closure strategies and intergenerational immobility in professional employment among Italian graduates. Italy displays the highest levels of service market regulation across Europe, and professionals are the largest occupational group within the upper class; therefore, it is crucial to analyse the link between professional closure and labour market outcomes among Italian graduates. Using ISTAT’s survey on Italian graduates’ labour outcomes and replicating the analyses of men in the ILFI survey, the origin-destination association is investigated at the big-, meso-, and micro-levels. We employ log-linear nested models and logistic regressions. The SPL sample offers a unique opportunity to analyse social mobility at the beginning of professionals’ careers and provide in-depth explanations of the micro-level dynamics of social reproduction. The analyses indicate that children of regulated professionals have a higher propensity to follow in their parents’ footsteps (micro-classes). Self-employment among professionals strongly increases intergenerational immobility at the top of the occupational hierarchy. The findings demonstrate that the combination of specific parental resources strongly helps professionals’ sons and daughters to avoid social demotion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Stratification and Inequality)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 352 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoicePerspective

Can the Sick Speak? Global Health Governance and Health Subalternity

by Tammam Aloudat

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090417 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5283

Abstract

Global Health Governance (GHG) uses a set of financial, normative, and epistemic arguments to retain and amplify its influence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the GHG regime used its own successes and failures to prescribe more of itself while demanding further resources. However, the [...] Read more.

Global Health Governance (GHG) uses a set of financial, normative, and epistemic arguments to retain and amplify its influence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the GHG regime used its own successes and failures to prescribe more of itself while demanding further resources. However, the consistent failures of this form governance and its appeasement to a dominant neoliberal ideology lead to the following question: Is the global health governance regime failing at its goal of improving health or succeeding at other political and ideological goals that necessitate such failures? Using concepts and ideas from social theory and post-colonial studies; I examine the definitions, epistemic basis, and drivers of GHG and propose certain conditions for the legitimacy of a global health governance system. Examining historical and current cases, I find that the GHG regime currently fails to fulfil such conditions of legitimacy and instead creates spaces that limit rather than help many populations it purports to serve. Those spaces of sickness confine people and reduce them into a state of health subalternity. In being health subalterns, people’s voices are neither sought nor heard in formulating the policies that determine their health. Finally, I argue that research and policymaking on global health should not be confined to the current accepted frameworks that assumes legitimacy and benevolence of GHG, and propose steps to establish an alternative, emancipatory model of understanding and governing global health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Science Perspectives in Global Health: Insights and Analysis of Issues at the Margins)

13 pages, 257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Family Resilience and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A South African Study

by Edna G. Rich, Letitia Butler-Kruger, Inge K. Sonn, Zainab Kader and Nicolette V. Roman

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090416 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2511

Abstract

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic created various challenges for individuals and families across the globe. Many countries went into a state of disaster and applied strict lockdown regulations to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus. Although the sudden changes in livelihoods [...] Read more.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic created various challenges for individuals and families across the globe. Many countries went into a state of disaster and applied strict lockdown regulations to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus. Although the sudden changes in livelihoods impacted families globally, this research is limited to understanding how families connected and resolved conflict during the pandemic. The current study therefore aimed at exploring how family dynamics and resilience in South African families were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted qualitatively in the Western Cape, South Africa, with 31 participants. The results indicated that families in the Western Cape had trouble adjusting to the imposed restrictions; however, some of these families used the time they had together to adapt and find new ways of building their relationships and strengthening their bonds. The main themes indicated that the most difficult challenges were the children’s schooling, financial impact from job losses, and separation from extended family members due to restrictions on movement. Furthermore, familial support and connecting as a family through open and honest communication helped the families remain resilient and fostered positive relationships. Full article

21 pages, 3176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Gendered Experience of Close to Community Providers during COVID-19 Response in Fragile Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis

by Joanna Raven, Abriti Arjyal, Sushil Baral, Obindra Chand, Kate Hawkins, Lansana Kallon, Wesam Mansour, Ayuska Parajuli, Kyu Kyu Than, Haja Wurie, Rouham Yamout and Sally Theobald

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090415 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2487

Abstract

Many countries, and particularly those including fragile contexts, have a shortage of formal health workers and are increasingly looking to close-to-community (CTC) providers to fill the gap. The experiences of CTC providers are shaped by context-embedded gender roles and relations. This qualitative research [...] Read more.

Many countries, and particularly those including fragile contexts, have a shortage of formal health workers and are increasingly looking to close-to-community (CTC) providers to fill the gap. The experiences of CTC providers are shaped by context-embedded gender roles and relations. This qualitative research study in Lebanon, Nepal, Myanmar and Sierra Leone explored the gendered experiences of CTC providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in fragile settings. We used document review, in-depth interviews or focus group discussions with CTC providers, and key informant interviews with local stakeholders to generate in-depth and contextual information. The COVID-19-associated lockdowns and school closures brought additional stresses, with a gendered division of labour acutely felt by women CTC providers. Their work is poorly or not remunerated and is seen as risky. CTC providers are embedded within their communities with a strong willingness to serve. However, they experienced fractures in community trust and were sometimes viewed as a COVID-19 risk. During COVID-19, CTC providers experienced additional responsibilities on top of their routine work and family commitments, shaped by gender, and were not always receiving the support required. Understanding their experience through a gender lens is critical to developing equitable and inclusive approaches to support the COVID-19 response and future crises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Science Perspectives in Global Health: Insights and Analysis of Issues at the Margins)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessReview

Applications of Big Data in Media Organizations

by Andreas Veglis, Theodora Saridou, Kosmas Panagiotidis, Christina Karypidou and Efthimis Kotenidis

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090414 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3656

Abstract

The exploitation of data in the media industry has always played a significant role. This is especially evident today, since data (and in many cases big data) are generated through various activities that relate to the production and also consumption of news. This [...] Read more.

The exploitation of data in the media industry has always played a significant role. This is especially evident today, since data (and in many cases big data) are generated through various activities that relate to the production and also consumption of news. This paper attempts to highlight the importance of big data utilization in the media industry. Specifically, it discusses cases of big data exploitation, such as media content consumption and management, data journalism production, social content utilization, and participatory journalism applications. The study also examines the changes that big data has introduced in all stages of the journalism practice, from news production to news distribution, by utilizing the available tools. Finally, it discusses new developments that relate to semantic web (Web 3.0) technologies, which have already started to be adopted by media organizations around the world. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Classification of Determinants of Burnout Syndrome in Terms of Personality Traits of Public Administration Managers

by Eva Brijová, Veronika Mlynárová, Peter Mlynár, Zuzana Birknerová and Ivan Uher

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090413 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2596

Abstract

Burnout syndrome is considered a disease of modern societies. Research has shown that burnout is related to reduced performance in the workplace. Many times, burnout syndrome occurs in helping professions, such as healthcare or social services. The aim of this explanatory research is [...] Read more.

Burnout syndrome is considered a disease of modern societies. Research has shown that burnout is related to reduced performance in the workplace. Many times, burnout syndrome occurs in helping professions, such as healthcare or social services. The aim of this explanatory research is to determine the relationship between the degree of burnout syndrome, personality traits, and determinants of burnout syndrome of managers in public administration. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been used to measure burnout syndrome. Personality traits, i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, five-factor inverters (NEO FFI), and assessing the determinants of burnout syndrome (PDSV) have been considered. The research sample consisted of (n = 226) managers in public administration. Based on the determined three hypotheses, we brought together sufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative conclusion that there is a positive association between NEO FFI and PDSV, MBI and PDSV, as well as MBI and NEO FFI. It can be inferred that a high workload and a lack of resources are some of the most compelling aspects that can instigate burnout. In addition to what has been assumed, there is argumentation among professionals about what is burnout, its symptoms, diagnostic criteria, environment of its occurrence, which demands further investigation to waive the vagueness and ambiguity of the concept of burnout syndrome. Full article

16 pages, 5312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of the Information about the COVID-19 Pandemic and COVID-19 Vaccines on the Covers of United Kingdom, France, Spain and United States’ Main Newspapers

by Santiago Tejedor, Laura Cervi, Fernanda Tusa and Mónica Gracia Villar

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090412 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2749

Abstract

This study compares the information coverage of the vaccine against the information of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight newspapers (two per country) from the United Kingdom, France, Spain and the United States. The newspapers analyzed are The Times and The Guardian (United Kingdom), [...] Read more.

This study compares the information coverage of the vaccine against the information of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight newspapers (two per country) from the United Kingdom, France, Spain and the United States. The newspapers analyzed are The Times and The Guardian (United Kingdom), Le Monde and Le Figaro (France), El País and El Mundo (Spain), and The New York Times and The Washington Post (United States). On a methodological level, the work uses a descriptive approach of hemerographic analysis. As a result, it is observed—in the case of coverage of the pandemic—that the presence of affected persons and health personnel in the front-page information was negligible, with a predominance of news journalistic genres (brief and newsworthy, especially), evidencing a leading role of political figures and the high degree of politicization of the crisis. In addition, the visual frames in the analyzed newspapers tended to promote humanization through emotional representation. On the other hand, the results of the news coverage of the vaccine showed a predominance of news journalistic genres, wherein supranational entities and pharmaceutical companies starred in the front pages to a greater extent. The study denotes the importance of media literacy among citizens, especially in the face of this type of informational events of global significance. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The High Note of Meaning: A Case Study of Public Service Motivation of Local Government Officials

by Teresa Forte, Gonçalo Santinha, Mariana Oliveira and Marta Patrão

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090411 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3113

Abstract

Public service motivation (PSM) has provided a new breadth to the study of what attracts and retains workers in public organizations committed to the public mission. The present research contributes to the topic by exploring local government workers’ motivation for public service, the [...] Read more.

Public service motivation (PSM) has provided a new breadth to the study of what attracts and retains workers in public organizations committed to the public mission. The present research contributes to the topic by exploring local government workers’ motivation for public service, the meaning they attribute to their activity as public servants, and the relations between PSM and the meaning of work (MOW). An adaptation of the PSM scale to the Portuguese language and context and the local level of public administration is proposed based on a sample of seventeen surveyed municipalities involving 252 participants. Within the analyzed context, dedication to the public interest is the most important factor of public service motivation and, alongside self-sacrifice, more common in older public servants and those with higher educational degrees. Workers with temporary job contracts rank higher in indifference and disbelief in politics as opposed to those workers with tenure who show a higher dedication to the public interest. The majority of the participants consider their work to be purposeful and meaningful, a state that is significantly positively correlated with the more altruistic dimensions of PSM, self-sacrifice and dedication to the public interest, suggesting a profitable venue of organizational research and work policy benchmarking. Full article

10 pages, 421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Social and Cultural Dimensions Associated with Death in Muslim Communities, a Case Study Khartoum City

by Osman Sirajeldeen Ahmed, Elsayed Abdalrahman, Alaa Zuhir Al Rawashdeh and Asma Rebhi Al Arab

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090410 - 7 Sep 2022

Viewed by 2215

Abstract

In Arab universities, sociologists rarely discuss the sociology of death. By studying social and cultural variables along with subjective and objective meanings of death, this paper contributes to filling this gap in research on death in a Sudanese urban area. Furthermore, the study [...] Read more.

In Arab universities, sociologists rarely discuss the sociology of death. By studying social and cultural variables along with subjective and objective meanings of death, this paper contributes to filling this gap in research on death in a Sudanese urban area. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between the burial of the dead and the time and place of their burial, social status, relatives, and religious affiliation as they relate to their burial. A major objective of the research is to explore the social and cultural dimensions of death in Sudanese communities. Data were collected using interviews and observations in the field using the descriptive method. Death is more of a social than a biological fact; therefore, the general findings of this research are about declaration of death, and what it implies about social cohesion. Burial and social acts following death are acts that express social meanings, and further, indicate how biological death has occurred. Based on variables such as social status, family relationship, and religious affiliation, it can be seen that the deceased person and/or family holds these beliefs. Full article

22 pages, 377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fertility Decision-Making in the UK: Insights from a Qualitative Study among British Men and Women

by Mikaela Brough and Paula Sheppard

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090409 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4366

Abstract

Scholars are interested in better understanding the low fertility observed in higher income countries. While some people are choosing to have smaller families, countries also report a ‘fertility gap’, which is the proportion of people who end up with fewer children than originally [...] Read more.

Scholars are interested in better understanding the low fertility observed in higher income countries. While some people are choosing to have smaller families, countries also report a ‘fertility gap’, which is the proportion of people who end up with fewer children than originally desired. This paper investigates some causes of the fertility gap in the UK. We amassed qualitative data from seven focus groups conducted among men and women of reproductive age with different educational backgrounds. These focus groups suggest that social support is an influential factor for Britons thinking about having children, although discussions differed in terms of whether this was support from partners or parents. Discussions with university-educated women featured themes of career opportunity costs, and non-university men contributed insights on the financial burden of parenthood. This exploratory study provides up-to-date material on unwanted childlessness and the low fertility in the UK, and highlights the merit of using qualitative methods in understanding the fertility gap. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)

12 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Expert and Diffuse Design of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Two German Circular Roadmap Projects

by Gavin Melles, Christian Wölfel, Jens Krzywinski and Lenard Opeskin

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090408 - 6 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2491

Abstract

According to sustainability transitions theory, socio-technical change requires a convergence of politics, social change, technology, and niche innovations. Recently, a circular economy has been proposed as the engine of such change in the EU New Green Deal and Germany. Mainstream circular economy emphasizes [...] Read more.

According to sustainability transitions theory, socio-technical change requires a convergence of politics, social change, technology, and niche innovations. Recently, a circular economy has been proposed as the engine of such change in the EU New Green Deal and Germany. Mainstream circular economy emphasizes the closing of material loops as the way to ensure green growth, and there is a key role for design to achieve such change. According to reports, however, the global appetite for a circular economy remains limited and critics have pointed to several contradictions between the rhetoric and reality of the circular economy and sustainable development. In addition, current formulations of circular economy misrepresent the plurality of discourses for a sustainable circular economy and the role of expert and diffuse circular design. In this study, we employ the recently articulated ten principles for a sustainable circular economy and society to analyze two contrasting circular roadmap projects in Germany, which reflect two contrasting technical and reformist circular discourses, and understandings of the role of design. We find that there are narrow and broad interpretations of design inherent in these circular policies as well as the exemplification of the difference between a technical circular economy and reformist circular society discourses. The practical applied value of this analysis is that the framework can be employed to analyze other policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Energy Management and Sustainable Development from Economic, Social and Environmental Aspects)

2 pages, 155 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Introduction to Special Issue “Gender, Politics, and Everyday Life: Power, Resistance, and Representation”

by Dawn Hutchinson and Lori Underwood

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090407 - 6 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1279

Abstract

The conference theme this year was “Gender, Politics, and Everyday Life: Power, Resistance and Representation” [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender, Politics, and Everyday Life: Power, Resistance, and Representation)

13 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Direct and Indirect Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Affective Organizational Commitment

by Rui Silva, Álvaro Dias, Leandro Pereira, Renato Lopes da Costa and Rui Gonçalves

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090406 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3063

Abstract

As a result of the pandemic and the consequent changes in labor market patterns, firms are facing a difficult moment in attracting and retaining talented employees. In these new patterns, remuneration factors are increasingly a necessary but not sufficient condition to address this [...] Read more.

As a result of the pandemic and the consequent changes in labor market patterns, firms are facing a difficult moment in attracting and retaining talented employees. In these new patterns, remuneration factors are increasingly a necessary but not sufficient condition to address this challenge. Given this background, this study seeks to identify the role of perceived organizational support in affective organizational commitment. In order to achieve this objective, structural equation models were used based on survey data from a sample of 333 respondents. The findings of this study reveal that perceived organizational support positively influences affective organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. Furthermore, job involvement and job satisfaction were found to play a mediating effect in the relation between perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Work, Employment and the Labor Market)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“These Girls Never Give Statements”: Anti-Trafficking Interventions and “Victim-Witness Testimony” in India

by Vibhuti Ramachandran

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090405 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2761

Abstract

Framing sex trafficking as primarily a law enforcement and criminal justice issue, the U.S. State Department funds global South NGOs to work with the Indian legal system to strengthen prosecutions of sex trafficking cases. Though rescuing sex workers and training them to testify [...] Read more.

Framing sex trafficking as primarily a law enforcement and criminal justice issue, the U.S. State Department funds global South NGOs to work with the Indian legal system to strengthen prosecutions of sex trafficking cases. Though rescuing sex workers and training them to testify against alleged traffickers is key to these interventions, and though rescued sex workers do sometimes testify, my ethnographic research and interviews with NGOs, legal actors, and sex workers in India revealed that this is a rare occurrence. This article explores the reasons behind this reported pattern, as well as the challenges faced by those who do testify. Through these findings, it critically examines the possibilities and limitations of the prosecutorial focus of U.S.-driven, NGO-mediated anti-trafficking interventions. It situates anti-trafficking interventions centered on “victim-witness testimony” in the Indian socio-legal context, demonstrating how prosecution is shaped by a range of factors, circumstances, and contingencies involving foreign-funded NGOs, the procedures, political economy and culture of the Indian legal system, individual legal actors’ motivations, and rescued sex workers’ complex subjectivities, experiences, choices, and perceptions of justice. It draws upon and contextualizes these findings to challenge prevalent assumptions about the victimhood of global South sex workers, about global South legal systems necessarily lacking resources and commitment, and about anti-trafficking solutions rooted in criminal justice incontrovertibly benefiting survivors of sex trafficking. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Trafficking: Social, Economic, and Political Contexts)

19 pages, 1176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Twitter among College Students for Academics: A Mixed-Methods Approach

by Stefanie Amiruzzaman and Md Amiruzzaman

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090404 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4215

Abstract

For almost a decade, Twitter use and its impact on students’ academic performance have been explored by many researchers. Despite growing scholarly interest, studies have been mostly quantitative in nature. The findings of previous studies are conflicting; thus, an in-depth study is needed [...] Read more.

For almost a decade, Twitter use and its impact on students’ academic performance have been explored by many researchers. Despite growing scholarly interest, studies have been mostly quantitative in nature. The findings of previous studies are conflicting; thus, an in-depth study is needed to determine how and what impacts college students’ academic performance (i.e., GPA) when they spend time on Twitter. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of Twitter use on college students’ academic performance. The present study shows that individual analysis techniques, such as quantitative or qualitative tools, are not enough to understand the underlying relationship. Therefore, a mixed-method approach (i.e., correlation and discourse analysis) was used to analyze the research data. Undergraduate students responded (N = 498) to a set of items along with some open-ended questions (n = 121). The results of this study indicate that how students use Twitter matters more than the amount of time they spend using it for their studies. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Vocational Education and Training Systems’ Governance Model and Policy Transfer: The Role of the European Union in Its Diffusion

by Luis Martínez-Izquierdo and Mónica Torres Sánchez

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090403 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2958

Abstract

Some southern member states have undertaken the reform of their vocational education and training (VET) systems so as to promote dual apprenticeship, such as that which is promoted in Germany. During this process, the European Union (EU) has exercised an extensive influence. This [...] Read more.

Some southern member states have undertaken the reform of their vocational education and training (VET) systems so as to promote dual apprenticeship, such as that which is promoted in Germany. During this process, the European Union (EU) has exercised an extensive influence. This paper advances the analysis of the role exercised by the EU in this stage of cross-national attraction by analysing the model of VET governance promoted by European institutions. The methodology consists of a reflexive thematic analysis of the EU VET texts. A total of 35 texts from the EU institutions was analysed by using NVivo. This produced three themes under the overarching theme of fostering a more pluralistic governance system: promoting cooperation among stakeholders in the design, management and financing of the system, enhancing social dialogue and strengthening responsiveness to change in the world of work. This analysis concludes that the EU, as an agent of the policy transfer process, encourages the implementation of a cooperative governance model of VET systems, such as that present in the dual VET systems of certain member states with collective skill formation governance regimens such as Germany, Austria and Denmark. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19 and Microcredit: Dissecting an NGO’s Training, Financial Support, and Women Empowerment Programmes

by Senyo Dotsey

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090402 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2481

Abstract

This paper reports the findings from a microcredit (financial inclusion) scheme that has been operated by a non-governmental organization since 2012 in a local community in Ghana, and sustained through the COVID-19 pandemic. It first examines microfinance, women’s empowerment and third-sector organizational dynamics. [...] Read more.

This paper reports the findings from a microcredit (financial inclusion) scheme that has been operated by a non-governmental organization since 2012 in a local community in Ghana, and sustained through the COVID-19 pandemic. It first examines microfinance, women’s empowerment and third-sector organizational dynamics. It then provides an overview of microfinance in Ghana within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by dissecting the organization’s microcredit, training and women’s empowerment programmes. The following part documents the findings, with brief concluding thoughts and policy implications appearing in the last section. It is argued here that financial schemes, particularly those operated by third-sector organizations, can play a significant role in helping women in particular to deal with the secondary effects of COVID-19 by providing improved non-financial services and easy access to microfinance at low, sustainable interest rates. These findings have implications for policy formulation and sustainable development. Full article

16 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating Configurations of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility for Work–Family Spillover: An Asymmetrical Approach in the Airline Industry

by Wen-Kuo Chen, Tsun-Yu Huang, Au Due Tang and Shiva Ilkhanizadeh

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090401 - 4 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1904

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and work–family interface have attracted considerable scientific interest; however, their relationship has not been considered yet. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study fills this gap by examining the relationship between internal CSR and work to [...] Read more.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and work–family interface have attracted considerable scientific interest; however, their relationship has not been considered yet. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study fills this gap by examining the relationship between internal CSR and work to family spillover. While most previous CSR studies widely examined the net effect of a single CSR dimension, this study discovers configurations of five different internal CSR dimensions (internal dissemination, compensation, occupational health and safety, training, and legal employment) in explaining positive and negative work to family spillover. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study examines a primary database of 136 flight attendants working for Asian airline companies; results reveal that the combination of internal dissemination and compensation creates the most driving power in leading to positive spillover. The absence of internal dissemination, occupational health and safety, and legal employment leads to high negative spillover regardless of the presence of compensation. This study broadens the literature by linking internal CSR to employees’ perceptions of work–family spillover. FsQCA findings also make a methodological contribution to prior CSR research by indicating three configurations that explain positive and negative work–family spillover. Findings provide airline companies with practical guidelines that are useful to enhance positive spillover and reduce negative spillover from work to family domains among their flight attendants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Work, Employment and the Labor Market)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Anticipated Use of Public Transport in the Post-Pandemic Era: Insights from an Academic Community in Thessaloniki, Greece

by Despoina Tsavdari, Vasileia Klimi, Georgios Georgiadis, Grigorios Fountas and Socrates Basbas

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090400 - 3 Sep 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3194

Abstract

This paper investigates how the travel behavior relating to Public Transport (PT) changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and which are the expectations about the extent of PT use post-pandemic. A revealed preferences questionnaire survey was distributed within an academic community in the city [...] Read more.

This paper investigates how the travel behavior relating to Public Transport (PT) changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and which are the expectations about the extent of PT use post-pandemic. A revealed preferences questionnaire survey was distributed within an academic community in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. To understand the factors potentially determining the future PT use, hierarchical ordered probit and bivariate ordered probit models were estimated. Results showed that the frequent PT users reduced by almost 75% during the pandemic. More than 29% of the local academic community members are reluctant to resume PT use at pre-pandemic levels. Non-captive users, teleworkers and those being unsatisfied with cleanliness and safety are less willing to travelling by PT post-pandemic. Female and under-stress passengers were found to particularly appreciate the use of facemasks and the increased service frequencies as post-pandemic policy measures. The study findings can inform the recovery strategies of transport authorities in order to retain the PT ridership at levels that will not threat the long-term viability of service provision. Future research may complement these findings by examining other population segments, such as the commuters and the elderly, under more advanced modelling techniques to account for additional unobserved behavioral patterns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Policy Dynamics of COVID-19 in the EU and the Rest of the World: Challenges, Reactions, and Perspectives after One Year)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Earning Housing: Removing Barriers to Housing to Improve the Health and Wellbeing of Chronically Homeless Sex Workers

by Claire Macon and Eden Tai

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090399 - 2 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3466

Abstract

For many sex workers, accessing and maintaining housing is one of the central reasons for engaging in sex work. Simultaneously, one of the most stringent barriers to accessible and affordable housing is the stigma and discrimination against sex work as a livelihood. This [...] Read more.

For many sex workers, accessing and maintaining housing is one of the central reasons for engaging in sex work. Simultaneously, one of the most stringent barriers to accessible and affordable housing is the stigma and discrimination against sex work as a livelihood. This paper explores the relationship between barriers to accessing housing for sex workers and the systems that hold the barriers in place. This paper is based on qualitative research conducted by Ocean State Advocacy’s research team. Using quantitative analysis of 100 surveys and qualitative analysis of 35 interviews conducted with sex workers living in Rhode Island, this paper discusses the ways housing improves the physical health, mental health, and overall wellbeing of sex workers. By including sex workers and centering their human rights in movements around housing equity and access, sex workers’ needs are prioritized while increasing understanding of stigma and systemic disenfranchisement within the field of housing justice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Interventions to Promote the Health, Safety & Rights of Sex Workers: Decriminalization and Beyond)

18 pages, 1894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development Agencies and Local Governments—Coexistence within the Same Territory

by Mirtha Silvana Garat de Marin, Emmanuel Soriano Flores, Carmen Lili Rodríguez Velasco, Eduardo Silva Alvarado, Ruben Calderon Iglesias, Roberto Marcelo Álvarez and Santos Gracia Villar

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090398 - 2 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1899

Abstract

This article proposes a discussion on the form of coexistence of local Development Agencies in Uruguay, with local governments in the face of the new scenarios marked by the decentralization process, initiated in the country with the Constitutional Reform of 1996 and culminating [...] Read more.

This article proposes a discussion on the form of coexistence of local Development Agencies in Uruguay, with local governments in the face of the new scenarios marked by the decentralization process, initiated in the country with the Constitutional Reform of 1996 and culminating in February 2009, with the Law of Political Decentralization and Citizen Participation. The discussion applies in particular to the local development agency of the city of Rivera (ADR), located in the northeast of the country. A descriptive, mixed, bibliographic, documentary investigation was carried out with primary data collection to internal and external references to ADR. The results show that the coexistence of both institutions has been difficult, without defining clear roles. Promoting dialogue to define the role of each seems to be the great challenge facing the sustainability of the agency. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Building Back Better: Fostering Community Resilient Dynamics beyond COVID-19

by Giulia Isetti, Linda Ghirardello and Maximilian Walder

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090397 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2734

Abstract

In light of the COVID-19 crisis and its deep impacts worldwide, questions arise of how to be prepared against and cope with pandemics in particular and disruptions in general. The coronavirus not only posed a physical health threat but caused detrimental effects on [...] Read more.

In light of the COVID-19 crisis and its deep impacts worldwide, questions arise of how to be prepared against and cope with pandemics in particular and disruptions in general. The coronavirus not only posed a physical health threat but caused detrimental effects on people’s social lives, adding concerns for individual and collective wellbeing. Herein, within a qualitative explorative case study from Merano (Northern Italy) combining two strands of literature, namely post-disaster recovery and community resilience, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants. The interviews served as methodological tool to explore six dimensions (cultural, physical, economic, social, institutional, and ecological) of the local community resilience in the wake of the COVID-19 disaster, and the elements that can further strengthen it. Results show that although there are some networks in place for people to rely on and to support each other, there is still much room for improvement, especially for what concerns local institutional policies. The results are expected to be useful for policy making and for long-term, sustainable, and inclusive management of the risks posed by COVID-19 and future crises looming on the horizon, such as climate change. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Caregiving Journey: Arts-Based Methods as Tools for Participatory Co-Design of Health Technologies

by Evonne Miller and Oksana Zelenko

Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(9), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090396 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2797

Abstract

Being an informal caregiver to a loved one with an illness, disease, or chronic disability is a rewarding but frequently stressful experience. In this design research project, caregivers participated in a half-day workshop to (1) share their caregiving experience, (2) reflect on the [...] Read more.

Being an informal caregiver to a loved one with an illness, disease, or chronic disability is a rewarding but frequently stressful experience. In this design research project, caregivers participated in a half-day workshop to (1) share their caregiving experience, (2) reflect on the potential of a mobile smartphone ‘app’ for carers and (3) co-design this app, as well as in-depth interviews. Our design research process used multiple arts-based methods, including visual experience mapping tools, storytelling, photo-elicitation, documentary photography, cartoons, drawing, and research poetry, to provide rich and empathic insight into daily life as a caregiver and illuminate the potential of technology. Workshop activities included creating a visual collage of lived experience, annotated visual maps illustrating the reality and misconceptions of caregiving, pathways of care, and mapping a day in their life using the visual metaphor of a clock. Carers then trialled and provided feedback on a prototype app, creating a collective map of desired features. This co-design feedback informed the final app design, which was formally launched at a public exhibition showcasing stories collected from our arts and design-led processes. This paper outlines the value of arts and design methods in the design of future health technologies, which provide a critical space for an informed, reflexive, and empathic dialogue about illness and caregiving, resulting in designs that truly met consumer’s needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Research Methods to Understand Lived Experience through Art and Design Collaborations)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Soc. Sci., Volume 11, Issue 9 (September 2022) – 48 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI