Correction: Lilja et al. (2024). Civic Literacy and Disinformation in Democracies. Social Sciences 13: 405

Missing Citations

In the original publication (Lilja et al. 2024), the following three references were not cited: Hoogensen Gjørv and Bilgiç (2022); Hoogensen Gjørv (2024); and Hoogensen Gjørv (2022). These citations have now been inserted in Section 2. Civic Literacy and Disinformation in Democracies, Section 2.1. Disinformation, Paragraphs 1 and 2, and Section 3. Materials and Methods, Section 3.3. Semi-Structured Group Interviews, Paragraph 2 and should read as follows.

Section 2.1. Disinformation:

“…Disinformation can be a mix of authentic and slightly distorted information. Disinformation thus negates the accuracy of public debates and affects the quality of communication between policy makers and citizens, eroding trust and deliberative capability (Hoogensen Gjørv and Bilgiç 2022).”

“Disinformation campaigns may purposefully attack the very system of democratic governance through the influence of regular citizens ignorant of the harmful intent (Kuklinski et al. 2000; Edelman 1964; Hoogensen Gjørv 2024). Disinformation can be seen as a major threat to democracy.”

Section 3.3. Semi-Structured Group Interviews:

“…The questions are both pointed toward structure the content and also open to generate a diversity of answers. The interview questions were partly inspired by a previous disinformation survey conducted in Norway (Hoogensen Gjørv 2022). For the full list of questions asked, please see Appendix A.”

Due to the adjustment above, the following correction has been made: the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly.

There are also some individuals not included to the acknowledgement in the original publication. The previous Acknowledgements should be updated as follows:

• Acknowledgments: The authors extend their gratitude to the project FAKENEWS: Disinformation and People—Impacts of Societal Trust and Resilience and its principal investigator, Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, for their support and collaboration. The authors thank Kristine Höglund and Christer Pursiainen for their valuable input and Desiré Raagart for her able research assistance.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.