Safeguarding Children in the Developing World—Beyond Intra-Organisational Policy and Self-Regulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Safeguarding Landscape—Evolving Self-Regulation and Standard Setting
2.1. Self-Regulatory and Standard Setting Initiatives and the West Africa ‘Sex-for-Food’ Scandal
2.2. New and Emerging Initiatives—Post Oxfam, #MeToo and #AidToo
3. International and Regional Child Rights Frameworks to Guide Safeguarding
3.1. Relevant Treaties and Articles for Safeguarding Children
3.2. Domestic Implementation and the Role of the International Community
3.3. Applicability to Non-State Actors
3.4. Best Interests of the Child
3.5. Intra-Organisational Processes and Codes of Conduct
4. Key Dilemmas and Challenges for Child Safeguarding
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | Including to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls (target 5.2), to take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and, by 2025, end child labour in all its forms (target 8.7) and to end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children (target 16.2). |
2 | HAP joined with Sphere and People in Aid to become part of the Joint Standards Initiative. In December 2014, the Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS) was launched in Copenhagen. In 2015, HAP and People in Aid merged to form the CHS Alliance (Hilhorst et al. 2018, p. 15). |
3 | The #MeToo movement started over a decade ago in the US as a grassroots effort to show support for survivors of sexual violence, particularly young women of colour from low socio-economic backgrounds, and gained near global prominence from 2017 when the #MeToo hashtag went viral. Women in the international aid sector used the hashtag #AidToo to bring attention to sexual violence within the sector (Gillespie et al. 2019). |
4 | Australia, Austria, Belgium (Ministry of Development Cooperation), Canada, Denmark, Finland, France (Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France), Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan), Luxembourg (Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs), Mexico (AMEXID), the Netherlands (Ministry for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation), New Zealand (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade), Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (including the Scottish Government), and the United States of America (U.S Agency for International Development). |
5 | Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and the European Union. |
6 | The Recommendation encompasses six pillars: (i) policies, professional conduct standards, organisational change and leadership; (ii) survivor/victim-centred response and support mechanisms; (iii) organisational reporting, response systems and procedures; (iv) training, awareness raising and communication; (v) international coordination; and (vi) monitoring, evaluation, shared learning and reporting. |
7 | Other international instruments include the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Human Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. The relationship between the instruments should be understood as complementary (Tobin and Seow 2019, p. 1314). |
8 | The authors are grateful to an anonymous reviewer for emphasizing this point. |
9 | In 2015, the Committee on the Rights of the Child revised the guidelines for periodic reports to reflect the new cluster on violence against children and to update references to general comments (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child 2015). |
10 | Article 19 is regarded as “the core provision for discussions and strategies to address and eliminate all forms of violence in the context of the Convention more broadly” (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child 2011, para. 7(a)). |
11 | In contrast to Article 19, Article 34 imposts a blanket obligation on states to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation irrespective of whether they are in the care of their parents (Tobin and Seow 2019, p. 1312). |
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Kaviani Johnson, A.; Sloth-Nielsen, J. Safeguarding Children in the Developing World—Beyond Intra-Organisational Policy and Self-Regulation. Soc. Sci. 2020, 9, 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060098
Kaviani Johnson A, Sloth-Nielsen J. Safeguarding Children in the Developing World—Beyond Intra-Organisational Policy and Self-Regulation. Social Sciences. 2020; 9(6):98. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060098
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaviani Johnson, Afrooz, and Julia Sloth-Nielsen. 2020. "Safeguarding Children in the Developing World—Beyond Intra-Organisational Policy and Self-Regulation" Social Sciences 9, no. 6: 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060098
APA StyleKaviani Johnson, A., & Sloth-Nielsen, J. (2020). Safeguarding Children in the Developing World—Beyond Intra-Organisational Policy and Self-Regulation. Social Sciences, 9(6), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060098