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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/microorganisms13020294
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Review

Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?

by
Laura A. E. Van Poelvoorde
1,
Erik A. Karlsson
2,
Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
3 and
Nancy H. C. J. Roosens
1,*
1
Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
2
Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 120210, Cambodia
3
URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98845, New Caledonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020294
Submission received: 25 October 2024 / Revised: 7 December 2024 / Accepted: 22 January 2025 / Published: 28 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Microbiology)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Climate change heightens the threat of infectious diseases in Europe, necessitating innovative surveillance methods. Based on 390 scientific papers, for the first time, this review associates climate-related pathogens, data related to their presence in wastewater, and associated available genomic detection methods. This deep analysis reveals a wide range of pathogens that can be tracked through methods such as quantitative and digital PCR, as well as genomic pathogen enrichment in combination with sequencing and metagenomics. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in the development of methods, particularly for vector-borne pathogens, and in their general harmonization relating to performance criteria. By offering an overview of recent advancements while identifying critical gaps, we advocate for collaborative research and validation to integrate detection techniques into surveillance frameworks. This will enhance public health resilience against emerging infectious diseases driven by climate change.
Keywords: climate change; wastewater surveillance; pathogen detection; public health; infectious diseases climate change; wastewater surveillance; pathogen detection; public health; infectious diseases

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Van Poelvoorde, L.A.E.; Karlsson, E.A.; Dupont-Rouzeyrol, M.; Roosens, N.H.C.J. Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens? Microorganisms 2025, 13, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020294

AMA Style

Van Poelvoorde LAE, Karlsson EA, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Roosens NHCJ. Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens? Microorganisms. 2025; 13(2):294. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020294

Chicago/Turabian Style

Van Poelvoorde, Laura A. E., Erik A. Karlsson, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, and Nancy H. C. J. Roosens. 2025. "Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?" Microorganisms 13, no. 2: 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020294

APA Style

Van Poelvoorde, L. A. E., Karlsson, E. A., Dupont-Rouzeyrol, M., & Roosens, N. H. C. J. (2025). Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens? Microorganisms, 13(2), 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020294

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