Special Issue on Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Applications

X-ray radiation is a widely used tool in the fields of medical physics and diagnostic imaging. Synchrotrons, which possess the capability to produce high-intensity X-ray beams, are particularly attractive for incorporation into advanced medical research. Among the various research methods employed in medical physics that utilize synchrotron radiation, microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) has gained the most significant attention. This technique involves the use of narrow, parallel beams of X-rays to deliver highly precise and localized doses of radiation to tumors, while also working to minimize collateral damage to healthy tissue. The high precision and accuracy of MRT make it a promising option for use in cancer treatment, especially for tumors located in critical areas where traditional radiation therapy may be risky. Ongoing research is focused on making improvements to the technique, developing appropriate dosimetry protocols, and expanding the range of potential applications. The unique properties of synchrotron radiation provide an important avenue for the advancement of MRT and other cutting-edge medical techniques.

A total of nine papers (five research papers and four review papers) in various fields of synchrotron radiation for medical applications are presented in this Special Issue, including X-ray interaction and damage, synchrotron-based biophysical methods, microbeam radiation therapy, and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.

The work of Nam [1] performed two analyses to asses the radiation damage that occurs under exposure to a crystal that is larger than the microfocusing beam. This experiment was conducted based on data collection statistics and electron density maps of thaumatin. Kim et al. [2] reported measurement results of X-ray radiation damage and demonstrated that the temperature increases during X-ray exposure. Wien et al. [3] illustrated that an amyloid-like region (CTR) of the E. coli Hfq protein promotes RNA annealing and induces a strong alignment of the RNAs and DNA involved in the replication control of a ColE1-type plasmid. Piano et al. [4] presented a method for small animal imaging and targeting that was implemented using the Australian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline, demonstrating the convenience of the tools available to users on the beamline. Peleg Walg et al. [5] investigated the suitability of PDA-gel dosimeters for clinical reference in irradiation via synchrotron beams using the EGS5 Monte Carlo user code, evaluating whether these dosimeters can be used in microbeam radiation therapy. Negi et al. [6] reviewed the case of photoswitchable PROTACs targeted to bromodomain proteins BRD 2, 3, and 4; kinases; and the immunophilin FKBP12. Photocaging of PROTACs found successes in the selective light-controlled degradation of kinase proteins, bromodomain-containing proteins, and estrogen receptors in cancer cells. Tamal et al. [7] explored the latest applications of SXR in medical imaging in order to shed light on the advantages and drawbacks of this modality. Yu [8] monitored and compared cell–cell communication after the partial irradiation of a cell population (radiation-induced bystander effect), the response of tissues outside the irradiated field (radiation-induced abscopal effect), and the influence of irradiated animals on non-irradiated ones in close proximity. Ref. [9] described μFTIR principles of operation and the advantages offered by IR-SR to the vibrational spectroscopic technique.

While submissions for this Special Issue may have closed, research in the field of synchrotron radiation for medical applications is ongoing and continues to address the challenges of today’s medical landscape. With the unique properties of synchrotron radiation, including high intensity, monochromaticity, and tunability, the field offers promising opportunities for cutting-edge research and innovative medical applications. By pushing the boundaries of science and technology, we can continue to explore the potential of synchrotron radiation for use in a wide range of medical applications and contribute to the betterment of human health.