Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil

Orazayeva, Saltanat; Satyanaga, Alfrendo; Kim, Yongmin; Rahardjo, Harianto; Qian, Zhai; Moon, Sung-Woo; Kim, Jong

doi:10.3390/app142310938

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Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil

by

Saltanat Orazayeva

¹

,

Alfrendo Satyanaga

^1,*

,

Yongmin Kim

^2,*

,

Harianto Rahardjo

³

,

Zhai Qian

⁴

,

Sung-Woo Moon

¹

and

Jong Kim

¹

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

²

James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

³

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore

⁴

School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 10938; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938

Submission received: 18 September 2024 / Revised: 26 October 2024 / Accepted: 20 November 2024 / Published: 25 November 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)

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Abstract

Weathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function of unsaturated characteristics, such as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). To determine the SWCC, the volume of the soil specimen must be determined in order to compute the void ratio and degree of saturation. The drying processes of the soil specimen led to uneven soil volume change during laboratory SWCC testing, demanding the development of a soil shrinkage curve. Several methods for measuring soil volume change have been developed over the years. However, there are significant limitations, and it is rarely used due to the difficulty linked to accurately measuring the soil volume during drying processes. In this study, a revised scanning approach is developed to evaluate residual soil volume change utilizing 3D scanning technology. The proposed method is applied in a case study on residual soil from the Old Alluvium in Singapore. The laboratory data and analysis results suggested that 3D scanning technology should be required to provide a correct estimation of the air-entry value of soil.

Keywords: soil–water characteristic curve; 3D scan; shrinkage curve; residual soil; unsaturated soil

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MDPI and ACS Style

Orazayeva, S.; Satyanaga, A.; Kim, Y.; Rahardjo, H.; Qian, Z.; Moon, S.-W.; Kim, J. Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 10938. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938

AMA Style

Orazayeva S, Satyanaga A, Kim Y, Rahardjo H, Qian Z, Moon S-W, Kim J. Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(23):10938. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938

Chicago/Turabian Style

Orazayeva, Saltanat, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Yongmin Kim, Harianto Rahardjo, Zhai Qian, Sung-Woo Moon, and Jong Kim. 2024. "Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil" Applied Sciences 14, no. 23: 10938. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938

APA Style

Orazayeva, S., Satyanaga, A., Kim, Y., Rahardjo, H., Qian, Z., Moon, S. -W., & Kim, J. (2024). Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil. Applied Sciences, 14(23), 10938. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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