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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 3
10.3390/app15031368
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Review

Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Microgels and Nanogels Toward Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications

by
Yuri Choi
,
Hye Yeon Koh
,
Jung Y. Han
* and
Soonmin Seo
*
Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031368
Submission received: 6 January 2025 / Revised: 20 January 2025 / Accepted: 24 January 2025 / Published: 28 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Hydrogel is one of the most prominent biomaterials in therapeutic and biomedical engineering, benefiting from its biocompatibility, chemical/physical tunability, and wide versatility to various fabrication techniques. One remarkable advance in the latest hydrogel research is the micro/nanofabrication technologies, which utilize unique mechanical and chemical properties of hydrogel, various chemical reaction mechanisms, and multidisciplinary approaches to realize innovative systems at these size scales. This review reports a comprehensive overview on the latest advances in fabrication of hydrogel-based micro- and nano-systems with an emphasis on their biomedical and therapeutic applications. Challenges and prospects are discussed from the material, fabrication, and system design perspectives to develop effective, personalized, and versatile hydrogel-based therapies.
Keywords: hydrogel; nanogels; microgels; drug delivery systems; controlled synthesis; microfluidic synthesis hydrogel; nanogels; microgels; drug delivery systems; controlled synthesis; microfluidic synthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, Y.; Koh, H.Y.; Han, J.Y.; Seo, S. Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Microgels and Nanogels Toward Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031368

AMA Style

Choi Y, Koh HY, Han JY, Seo S. Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Microgels and Nanogels Toward Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(3):1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Yuri, Hye Yeon Koh, Jung Y. Han, and Soonmin Seo. 2025. "Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Microgels and Nanogels Toward Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications" Applied Sciences 15, no. 3: 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031368

APA Style

Choi, Y., Koh, H. Y., Han, J. Y., & Seo, S. (2025). Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Microgels and Nanogels Toward Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031368

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