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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 3
10.3390/app15031448
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players

by
Aojie Zhu
1,
Shunxiang Gao
1,
Xuanzhen Cen
1,
Wenlong Li
1,
Yang Song
2,
Zixiang Gao
3 and
Dong Sun
1,*
1
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
3
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031448
Submission received: 29 December 2024 / Revised: 18 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 31 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics and Sports Technology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

(1) Background: The pull-up jump shot is a commonly used scoring technique in basketball. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of knee brace stiffness on knee joint mechanics during the pull-up jump shot in female basketball players and to evaluate the potential risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries associated with different stiffness levels. (2) Methods: Sixty-six female basketball players performed pull-up jump shot drills while kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a Vicon motion capture system and a Kistler ground reaction force (GRF) plate. (3) Results: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that both low-stiffness and high-stiffness knee braces significantly reduced knee flexion angles (p = 0.001) but increased indirect contact forces in the sagittal plane (p < 0.01). Notable differences were observed between low-stiffness and high-stiffness braces, as well as between braced and unbraced conditions. However, no significant differences were detected between the effects of low-stiffness and high-stiffness braces. (4) Conclusions: Athletes should select knee braces based on the intensity of competition and training, and those with ACL concerns should opt for high-stiffness knee braces for enhanced joint stability.
Keywords: stiffness; pull-up jump shot; pull-off phase; landing cushioning phase stiffness; pull-up jump shot; pull-off phase; landing cushioning phase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, A.; Gao, S.; Cen, X.; Li, W.; Song, Y.; Gao, Z.; Sun, D. The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031448

AMA Style

Zhu A, Gao S, Cen X, Li W, Song Y, Gao Z, Sun D. The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(3):1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Aojie, Shunxiang Gao, Xuanzhen Cen, Wenlong Li, Yang Song, Zixiang Gao, and Dong Sun. 2025. "The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players" Applied Sciences 15, no. 3: 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031448

APA Style

Zhu, A., Gao, S., Cen, X., Li, W., Song, Y., Gao, Z., & Sun, D. (2025). The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031448

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