Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents
3.3. Awareness and Attitudes towards Daily Work among Staff
3.4. Attitudes and Procedures of Oral Health Care
4. Discussion
4.1. Differences in the Changes in Attitudes of Nurisng Care Staff in Different Areas of Japan
4.2. Surrounding Environments of Nursing Home Residents
4.3. Awarenesss and Attitudes towards Daily Work among Staff
4.4. Attitudes and Procedures of Oral Health Care
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of family visits | 702 (87.2) | 167 (83.5) | 392 (71.7) | 143 (78.6) | 0.027 b |
Frequency of rehabilitation and recreation | 575 (67.9) | 144 (76.1) | 311 (56.9) | 120 (65.9) | 0.002 ac |
Resident QOL | 539 (63.6) | 139 (73.5) | 288 (58.3) | 112 (67.9) | 0.002 ac |
Total (881) | Urban (191) | Suburban (517) | Rural (172) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical factors | |||||
Less going out | 562 (63.8) | 130 (68.0) | 319 (61.7) | 113 (65.7) | 0.252 |
Slower walking speed | 67 (7.6) | 24 (12.6) | 33 (6.3) | 10 (5.8) | 0.014 ab |
Psychological factors | |||||
Expression became dull | 243 (27.5) | 67 (35.0) | 116 (22.4) | 60 (34.9) | <0.001 a |
Less motivation to do things | 217 (24.6) | 55 (28.8) | 118 (22.8) | 44 (25.6) | 0.244 |
Speaking fewer words | 221 (25.1) | 49 (25.6) | 124 (24.0) | 48 (27.9) | 0.570 |
Increased forgetfulness | 180 (20.4) | 58 (30.4) | 96 (18.6) | 26 (15.1) | <0.001 ab |
Easily depressed | 89 (10.1) | 29 (15.2) | 46 (8.9) | 14 (8.1) | 0.030 ab |
Nutritional factors | |||||
Less appetite | 96 (10.8) | 23 (12.0) | 44 (8.5) | 29 (16.8) | 0.008 c |
Total (871) | Urban (156) | Suburban (535) | Rural (180) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Online work increased | 250 (28.7) | 37 (23.7) | 146 (27.3) | 67 (37.2) | 0.010 c |
Number of staff decreased | 120 (14.8) | 42 (26.9) | 68 (12.7) | 19 (10.5) | <0.001 ab |
Working hours increased | 111 (12.7) | 29 (18.6) | 57 (10.7) | 25 (13.9) | 0.029 a |
Telecommuting work increased | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.730 |
Total (925) | Urban (196) | Suburban (547) | Rural (182) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Using hand sanitizer after toilet care | 657 (71.0) | 129 (65.8) | 383 (70.0) | 145 (79.6) | 0.010 bc |
Disinfecting handrails | 607 (65.6) | 129 (65.8) | 348 (63.6) | 130 (71.4) | 0.156 |
Using hand sanitizer before meal service | 579 (62.6) | 118 (60.2) | 327 (59.8) | 134 (73.6) | 0.003 bc |
Wearing protective clothing when handling excreta | 149 (16.1) | 42 (21.4) | 56 (10.2) | 51 (28.0) | <0.001 ac |
Frequent cleaning of bathrooms after bathing | 138 (14.9) | 50 (25.5) | 53 (9.7) | 35 (19.2) | <0.001 ac |
Using disposable tools during dressing care | 80 (8.6) | 16 (8.1) | 36 (6.6) | 28 (15.4) | 0.001 bc |
Total (829) | Urban (163) | Suburban (500) | Rural (166) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hand sanitizing after oral care | 519 (62.6) | 106 (65.0) | 278 (55.6) | 135 (81.7) | <0.001 bc |
Hand sanitizing before oral care | 470 (56.7) | 53 (32.5) | 248 (49.6) | 129 (77.7) | <0.001 bc |
Cleaning oral care products | 351 (42.3) | 75 (46.0) | 194 (38.8) | 82 (49.3) | 0.039 bc |
Distance from the patient | 198 (23.9) | 52 (31.9) | 102 (20.4) | 44 (26.5) | 0.007 a |
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Hidaka, R.; Matsuo, K.; Maruyama, T.; Kawasaki, K.; Tasaka, I.; Arai, M.; Sakoda, S.; Higuchi, K.; Jinno, E.; Yamada, T.; et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051944
Hidaka R, Matsuo K, Maruyama T, Kawasaki K, Tasaka I, Arai M, Sakoda S, Higuchi K, Jinno E, Yamada T, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(5):1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051944
Chicago/Turabian StyleHidaka, Rena, Koichiro Matsuo, Tomoka Maruyama, Kyoka Kawasaki, Itsuki Tasaka, Masami Arai, Satoshi Sakoda, Kazunori Higuchi, Erina Jinno, Tsuyoshi Yamada, and et al. 2023. "Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5: 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051944
APA StyleHidaka, R., Matsuo, K., Maruyama, T., Kawasaki, K., Tasaka, I., Arai, M., Sakoda, S., Higuchi, K., Jinno, E., Yamada, T., & Minakuchi, S. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(5), 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051944